Transplantation Immune Responses: Biology, Challenges, and Opportunities Using Biomaterials Publisher



Najm AZ¹ ; Jalil AT² ; Al Jawadri AMH³ ; Talib HA⁴ ; Hanan ZK⁵ ; Hani T⁶ ; Zabibah RS⁷ ; Fadhil AA⁸
Source: Gene Reports Published:2023

Abstract

The organs or cells transplantation is well-established in clinics. However, despite the increasing success rates and the broadening of various transplantation techniques, a key challenge is the requirement of life-long systemic immunosuppression to prevent rejection. Therefore, it is necessary to develop novel immuno-engineering strategies that can overcome the drawbacks of conventional immune cell depletion or immunosuppressive agents. In recent years, engineered biomaterials have been expanded toward localized and controlled release of immunomodulatory agents to decrease the effective dose and frequency of drug administration, mainly through immuno-engineering at the transplantation site. In this review, we concisely address a general overview of mechanisms involved in immune tolerance and rejection, followed by challenges within current therapeutic regimens, and then discuss recent developments on potent biomaterial-based immunoengineering strategies to prolong graft survival. © 2023