Evaluation of Phthalate Acid Esters (Paes) in Kefir Samples by Using Magnetic Chitosan Coated With Polyaniline (Fe3o4@Chi@Pani)/Gc–Ms Method: A Health Risk Assessment Study Publisher



Marvdashti LM¹ ; Milani H¹ ; Abdolshahi A² ; Khodaei SM³ ; Zad SS¹ ; Shariatifar N^{3, 4} ; Moazzen M⁵
Source: Microchemical Journal Published:2024

Abstract

In this study, by magnetic chitosan coated with polyaniline (Fe3O4@CHI@PANI) −gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method was applied to analyze six PAE compounds in kefir samples. The results obtained from kefir samples showed that the lowest and highest mean of PAEs were associated to dimethyl phthalate (DMP was not detected or nd) and di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP, 2.12 µg/kg), respectively. Also according to results the average of DEHP (Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate) and total PAEs in all samples were 1.31 ± 0.72 and 4.58 ± 1.87 µg/kg, respectively. Furthermore, maximum and minimum mean of total PAEs were detected in the packages with a volume of 1000 mL (5.47 ± 2.03 μg/kg) and packages with a volume of 1500 mL (3.69 ± 1.23 μg/kg), respectively, and the maximum and minimum mean total PAE (μg/kg) were related to samples with a date less than the expiration date (5.42 ± 1.46) and samples with a date greater than the production date (3.73 ± 1.91), respectively. The level of these contaminants was lower than the existing standard levels. The assessment of human health risks, comprising risks of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic were calculated with Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) and sensitivity analysis under certain removal efficiencies from 5 to 95 %. The result of the carcinogenic risk for DEHP showed that adults are not threatened by the consumption of kefir (1.06E-05), while children are exposed to negligible risk the consumption of kefir (1/48E-04). In all samples, the total non-carcinogenic risk of PAE compounds was less than 1 (TTHQ was 2.03E-04 and 4.33E-05 for children and adults, respectively), this values presenting there would be unlikely risks of non-carcinogenic of PAEs in kefir for consumers. In conclusion, it can be stated it doesn't pose any threat to Iranian consumers (adults and children). © 2024