Determination of Phthalic Acid Esters (Paes) Along With Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment in Fruit Juice Samples in Tehran, Iran Publisher Pubmed



Kargarghomsheh P¹ ; Naghashan M² ; Farhadiyan S³ ; Arabameri M⁴ ; Tooryan F^{5, 6} ; Shariatifar N⁷
Source: Environmental Science and Pollution Research Published:2023

Abstract

In the present study, magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) method and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) technique were used to measure 6 PAE in fruit juice samples. The mean of total phthalic acid esters (ƩPAEs) in all samples was 3.55 ± 0.66 µg/L. The mean concentration of DEHP (bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) in samples was 0.82 ± 0.31 µg/L, which was lower than the mentioned United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) standard level in drinking water (6 μg/L for DEHP). The pineapple juice samples (4.44 ± 0.57 µg/L) and mango juice samples (2.77 ± 0. 1 µg/L) had maximum and minimum mean levels of ƩPAEs, respectively. Also, results showed that brand B (3.76 ± 0.87 µg/L) and samples in the time of expiration date (3.64 ± 0.72 µg/L) had the highest PAE levels. The rank order Chronic Daily Intake (95%) values for adults were DEHP (5.26 E- 04) > butylbenzyl phthalates (BBP) (4.73 E- 04) > diethyl phthalate (DEP) (3.77 E- 04) and for children were DEHP (9.93 E- 04) > BBP (9.07E-04) > DEP (7.01 E- 04), which were below the tolerable daily intake (TDI) value. The noncancer risk of PAEs based on the target hazard quotient (THQ) was acceptable (< 1). The results exhibited that the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) was below the permissible limit (< 1 E- 04). Therefore, the risk of carcinogenicity and noncarcinogenicity of PAEs in juices does not have adverse effects on human health. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.