Carcinogen-Dna Adduct Formation and Dna Repair Publisher



Khalid M^{1, 2} ; Abdollahi M^{1, 2}
Source: Encyclopedia of Toxicology# Fourth Edition: Volume 1-9 Published:2023

Abstract

Numerous chemicals that have the potential to be reactive or inactive chemically operate as exogenous carcinogens and have a propensity to bind covalently to DNA in order to damage DNA. DNA adducts are a distinctive kind of DNA damage caused by the covalent bonding of a chemical moiety to DNA. Since these excess products are not removed by the cell, they may cause mutation and eventually the emergence of disease and cancer. Some categories of exogenous carcinogens that cause DNA damage include alkylating chemicals, aromatic amines, heterocyclic amines, mycotoxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and reactive oxygen species. Even some of these damages have been linked to the emergence of diseases, aging, and even cancer. Single and double strand breaks in DNA can permanently alter its structure. The mechanisms of DNA repair rely on a number of metabolic pathways that must all be active simultaneously in order to restore DNA structure. The mechanism of DNA repair are direct DNA repair, nucleotide excision repair, base excision repair, mismatch repair, homologous recombination repair, and non-homologous end joining. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.