Dna Damage Repair Response in Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: From Cellular Senescence and Aging to Apoptosis and Differentiation Ability Publisher Pubmed



Banimohamadshotorbani B^{1, 7} ; Kahroba H^{2, 3, 4, 12} ; Sadeghzadeh H^{2, 7} ; Wilson Iii DM⁸ ; Maadi H⁹ ; Samadi N^{4, 5} ; Hejazi MS^{3, 4, 6} ; Farajpour H¹⁰ ; Onari BN¹¹ ; Sadeghi MR⁴
Source: Ageing Research Reviews Published:2020

Abstract

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are heterogeneous and contain several populations, including stem cells. MSCs' secretome has the ability to induce proliferation, differentiation, chemo-attraction, anti-apoptosis, and immunomodulation activities in stem cells. Moreover, these cells recognize tissue damage caused by drugs, radiation (e.g., Ultraviolet, infra-red) and oxidative stress, and respond in two ways: either MSCs differentiate into particular cell lineages to preserve tissue homeostasis, or they release a regenerative secretome to activate tissue repairing mechanisms. The maintenance of MSCs in quiescence can increase the incidence and accumulation of various forms of genomic modifications, particularly upon environmental insults. Thus, dysregulated DNA repair pathways can predispose MSCs to senescence or apoptosis, reducing their stemness and self-renewal properties. For instance, DNA damage can impair telomere replication, activating DNA damage checkpoints to maintain MSC function. In this review, we aim to summarize the role of DNA damage and associated repair responses in MSC senescence, differentiation and programmed cell death. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.