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Burden of 10 Mental Disorders in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 1990–2023, With Forecasts to 2050: A Global Burden of Disease Study Publisher Pubmed

Summary: Is mental illness burden rising in poorer countries? Estimates project further burden by 2050 if current trends persist, especially in poorer settings. #MentalHealth #GlobalHealth

Kang J ; Kim H J ; Park J ; Kim M S ; Park S ; Aalipour M A ; Abate K H ; Abbas N ; Abbasi M ; Abdelgalil A A ; Abdelkader A ; Abdullahi A ; Abdulraheem A S ; Abebaw N Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Kang J
  2. Kim H J
  3. Park J
  4. Kim M S
  5. Park S
  6. Aalipour M A
  7. Abate K H
  8. Abbas N
  9. Abbasi M
  10. Abdelgalil A A
  11. Abdelkader A
  12. Abdullahi A
  13. Abdulraheem A S
  14. Abebaw N
  15. Abebe E C
  16. Abhilash E S
  17. Abil O Z
  18. Abiodun O
  19. Aboagye R G
  20. Abohashem S
  21. Aborode A T
  22. Abrigo M R M
  23. Abubakar A K
  24. Acharya K
  25. Achore M
  26. Adebiyi B O
  27. Adedia D
  28. Adeleke O T
  29. Adesina M A
  30. Adetokunboh O O
  31. Adiba A
  32. Adiga U
  33. Adnan M
  34. Adnani Q E S
  35. Adoma P O
  36. Adonteng Kissi O
  37. Adzei F A
  38. Adzrago D
  39. Afzal S
  40. Aggarwal N
  41. Aghaalikhani M
  42. Agide F D
  43. Agordoh P D
  44. Agustiya R I
  45. Agwu P
  46. Agyemang Duah W
  47. Ahmad K
  48. Ahmad S
  49. Ahmad A A
  50. Ahmad D
  51. Ahmadi N S
  52. Ahmed S
  53. Ahmed N
  54. Ahmed O
  55. Ahmed S A
  56. Ahmed A
  57. Ahmed F
  58. Ajami M
  59. Ajayi K V
  60. Akalanka K H M
  61. Akhtar M N
  62. Akinniyi O O
  63. Akosile O W
  64. Akpabio I U
  65. Alam K
  66. Alam Z
  67. Alamirew B D D
  68. Al Ashwal F Y
  69. Alem A Z
  70. Alemayehu T T
  71. Alhaji N B
  72. Alhalaiqa F N
  73. Alhumaidi A
  74. Ali M U
  75. Ali I
  76. Ali M D
  77. Ali R
  78. Ali S S
  79. Ali H
  80. Rokny H A
  81. Al Jabi S W
  82. Alkhatib A
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  84. Almazan J U
  85. Almobayed A
  86. Sukumar M B A
  87. Altaf A
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  89. Aluh D O
  90. Al Worafi Y M
  91. Amafah E J
  92. Amare A T
  93. Amedari M I
  94. Amhare A F
  95. Amini S
  96. Amiri S
  97. Amugsi D A
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Source: Med Published:2026


Abstract

Background: Mental disorders impose a disproportionate burden on populations in low- to middle-income countries (LMICs) and low-income countries (LICs), yet longitudinal assessments across these settings remain limited. Methods: Using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023, we investigated prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 10 mental disorder subcategories across 76 LMICs and LICs from 1990 to 2023 and projected trends through 2050 via a generalized ensemble modeling approach. Findings: Age-standardized prevalence rose markedly between 1990 and 2023, from 10,759.9 (95% uncertainty interval, 9,560.1–12,088.6) to 13,929.3 (12,512.5–15,829.0) per 100,000 in LMICs and from 11,723.6 (10,577.7–12,987.5) to 14,979.1 (13,512.9–16,770.7) in LICs, accompanied by corresponding increases in age-standardized DALY rates. The most pronounced increases in both age-standardized prevalence and DALYs were observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Anxiety disorders (total percentage change: 102.3% in LMICs; 67.3% in LICs), eating disorders (40.7% in LMICs; 4.8% in LICs), depressive disorders (28.6% in LMICs; 29.8% in LICs), and autism spectrum disorders (14.9% in LMICs; 22.5% in LICs) showed the largest increases in prevalence. Under a reference scenario where past trends persist, age-standardized prevalence is projected to reach 17,155.8 (14,449.5–20,212.5) per 100,000 in LMICs and 17,968.4 (15,109.8–21,090.9) in LICs by 2050. Conclusions: These findings reveal persistent and widening disparities in mental health burden across resource-limited settings, substantially exacerbated by the pandemic. Without targeted, scalable, and sustained policy interventions, the burden in LMICs and LICs will continue to worsen, underscoring the critical need for context-specific public health action. Funding: This study was funded by the Gates Foundation. © 2026 Elsevier Inc.
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