Magnetic and Bioactive Self-Healing Pva-Based Hydrogels Containing Fe3o4/Hydroxyapatite/Bioglass: Physicochemical, Mechanical, and in Vitro Biological Assessments Publisher



Sz Gholami Sahand ZABIH ; E Behjat ERFAN ; M Hamzehlouei MOHAMMADAMIR ; Gk Kashani Ghazal KADKHODAIE ; R Gholami REZA ; Sm Naghib Seyed MORTEZA ; Hr Rezaie Hamid REZA ; M Tajabadi MARYAM
Source: Reactive and Functional Polymers Published:2025

Abstract

This study introduces a novel self-healing polyvinyl alcohol-based hydrogel cross-linked with borax and tannic acid, incorporating magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs), hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HANPs), and Zn-, Mn-, and Ag-doped bioactive glass nanoparticles (BGNPs). Structural analyses (XRD, FTIR) confirmed successful synthesis, and SEM characterized the morphology. The hydrogel exhibited superparamagnetic behavior, with higher MNP concentrations inducing hyperthermia under an alternating magnetic field, raising temperatures by up to 12 °C. The optimal formulation demonstrated high swelling capacity (711 %), a Young's modulus of 280 kPa, and toughness of 3250 kJ/cm3, emphasizing its suitability for bone regeneration. Bioactivity studies revealed hydroxyapatite formation in simulated body fluid, confirming bone-bonding potential. The hydrogel achieved 40 % self-healing efficiency in tensile strength and enhanced cell proliferation in cytotoxicity assays. Antimicrobial tests showed effectiveness against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. These features establish this hydrogel as a dynamic biomaterial for advanced bone-related therapies and engineering applications. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.