Advanced Micro-/Nanotechnologies for Exosome Encapsulation and Targeting in Regenerative Medicine Publisher Pubmed



Tashak Golroudbari H¹ ; Banikarimi SP^{1, 2} ; Ayati A¹ ; Hadizadeh A¹ ; Khorasani Zavareh Z¹ ; Hajikhani K¹ ; Heiranitabasi A¹ ; Ahmadi Tafti M³ ; Davoodi S¹ ; Ahmadi Tafti H¹
Source: Clinical and Experimental Medicine Published:2023

Abstract

Exosomes, a subset of vesicles generated from cell membranes, are crucial for cellular communication. Exosomes' innate qualities have been used in recent studies to create nanocarriers for various purposes, including medication delivery and immunotherapy. As a result, a wide range of approaches has been designed to utilize their non-immunogenic nature, drug-loading capacity, or targeting ability. In this study, we aimed to review the novel methods and approaches in exosome engineering for encapsulation and targeting in regenerative medicine. We have assessed and evaluated each method's efficacy, advantages, and disadvantages and discussed the results of related studies. Even though the therapeutic role of non-allogenic exosomes has been demonstrated in several studies, their application has certain limitations as these particles are neither fully specific to target tissue nor tissue retainable. Hence, there is a strong demand for developing more efficient encapsulation methods along with more accurate and precise targeting methods, such as 3D printing and magnetic nanoparticle loading in exosomes, respectively. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.