Pachychoroid Spectrum Diseases Publisher



Bazvand F^{1, 4} ; Joshi N² ; Roohipourmoallai R² ; Iyer SSR³ ; Zarei M⁴ ; Hajizade H F⁵
Source: Atlas of Ocular Optical Coherence Tomograph# Second Edition Published:2023

Abstract

The pachychoroid disease spectrum is a relatively new term and grouping of diseases that encompasses diseases with similar structural and pathophysiologic findings. These diseases share the characteristic of a pachychoroid —the presence of increased choroidal thickness due to dilated vessels in Haller’s layer with associated thinning of other choroidal layers (including Sattler’s and choriocapillaris layers). Thickening of choroid can be focal or diffuse. Pachychoroid is well-visualized and quantitatively measured with enhanced depth imaging OCT (EDI-OCT). Abnormalities of the overlying RPE layer are often present. In parts of the spectrum, choroidal thickening and hyperpermeability lead to subretinal fluid accumulation and a resulting neurosensory retinal detachment, usually in the macula. In this chapter, we will attempt to describe most OCT characteristics and biomarkers associated with pachychoroid Spectrum Diseases. The following subsections present the contents of the chapter: 1. Pachychoroid Pigment Epitheliopathy (PEE). 2. Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSCR). 3. Pachychoroid Neovasculopathy (PNV). 4. Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy (PCV). 5. Focal Choroidal Excavation (FCE). 6. Peripapillary Pachychoroid Syndrome (PPS). A wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and prognoses have been described from asymptomatic cases with a favorable prognosis to severe cases with bullous retinal detachments and a poor prognosis. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.