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3D Printed Phb-Dextran-Whitlockite Porous Construct Coated With Sildenafil-Loaded Nanofibers: A Hybrid Scaffold for Craniofacial Reconstruction Publisher Pubmed



Nazar LA1 ; Alsalman SS2 ; Torki SH3 ; Almusawi MH4 ; Najafinezhad A5 ; Noory P6 ; Rajab ES7 ; Khosravi N8 ; Talebi S9 ; Azamian F10 ; Valizadeh H11 ; Sharifianjazi F12, 13 ; Tavamaishvili K14 ; Mohabbatkhah M15 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Nazar LA1
  2. Alsalman SS2
  3. Torki SH3
  4. Almusawi MH4
  5. Najafinezhad A5
  6. Noory P6
  7. Rajab ES7
  8. Khosravi N8
  9. Talebi S9
  10. Azamian F10
  11. Valizadeh H11
  12. Sharifianjazi F12, 13
  13. Tavamaishvili K14
  14. Mohabbatkhah M15
  15. Shahriarikhalaji M16
  16. Nasiriharchegani S5
  17. Mehrjoo M17
  18. Tavakoli M18
  19. Mirhaj M18

Source: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules Published:2025


Abstract

In this study, a novel hybrid scaffold comprising 3D-printed porous polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), dextran (Dex), and magnesium-doped whitlockite (WL) nanoparticles was developed, which were further enhanced with an electrospun nanofibrous coating composed of Dex and Pluronic F127 (F127) loaded with Sildenafil (Sil) for use in craniofacial regeneration. This design was intended to improve the solubility of sildenafil and enable controlled release. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a well-integrated structure between the 3D-printed strands and electrospun nanofibers. The scaffold exhibited sustained release of Sil over 28 days, with mechanical testing showing a compressive strength of 3.70 ± 0.33 MPa and an elastic modulus of 49.04 ± 4.62 MPa. Non-toxicity was confirmed via MTT assay on the MG63 cell line, and qRT-PCR results indicated significantly higher expression levels of collagen I, RUNX2, osteocalcin, VEGF, and CD31 markers associated with osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Following implantation in a rat calvarial defect model, the scaffold demonstrated robust osteogenic activity and new bone tissue formation over an eight-week period. This innovative scaffold design offers a promising solution for overcoming the challenges in craniofacial defect repair by integrating bioactive materials with advanced drug delivery systems, leading to more effective tissue regeneration strategies. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.
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