The Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Tumor Microenvironment and Modulation of Immunotherapy in Gastrointestinal Cancer Publisher Pubmed



Sokhangouy SK ; Jamialahmadi H ; Sani MSM ; Khalilitanha G ; Rouzbahani AK ; Mahmoudvand G ; Goudarzi Z ; Fakouri A ; Farokhi S ; Hassanian SM ; Ferns GA ; Nazari E ; Avan A ; Khazaei M
Source: Current Cancer Drug Targets Published:2025

Abstract

Immunotherapy, as a novel treatment approach for various disorders, including cancers, is designed to either stimulate or suppress the immune system with high specificity. The recent achievements of this therapy in clinical trials are set to transform traditional treatment methods. Furthermore, it holds promise for enhancing the survival rates of patients suffering from both metastatic cancers and primary stages. Gastrointestinal Cancers (GI) account for 26% of global incidence and 35% of worldwide deaths. Treatment can be carried out using targeted immunotherapy in these cancers. If the tiers are superior, improvement could require more enterprise. On account that the function of immunotherapy in GI has been so promising, solely in sufferers with severe metastatic levels, within the literature, the immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer immunotherapy of GI cancers, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (vehicle-T), modulators of the tumor microenvironment, and drug resistance mechanisms in immunotherapy as an effective treatment approach to GI cancers along with colon, pancreas, gastric, and esophageal cancers have been addressed. This review provides an overview of FDA-approved immunotherapy drugs and ongoing preclinical developments. Additionally, we offer insights into the future of immunotherapy for GI cancer patients, addressing the associated challenges. © 2025 Bentham Science Publishers