The Impact of Visual and Motor Skills on Ideational Apraxia and Transcortical Sensory Aphasia Publisher Pubmed



Afshangian F¹ ; Wellington J² ; Pashmoforoosh R³ ; Farzadfard MT⁴ ; Noori NK⁴ ; Jaberi AR⁵ ; Ostovan VR⁵ ; Soltani A⁶ ; Safari H⁷ ; Abolhasani Foroughi A^{8, 9} ; Resid Onen M¹⁰ ; Montemurro N¹¹ ; Chaurasia B¹² ; Akgul E¹³ Show All Authors
Source: Applied Neuropsychology: Adult Published:2025

Abstract

Background: Patients with extensive left hemisphere damage frequently have ideational apraxia (IA) and transcortical sensory aphasia (TSA). Difficulty with action coordination, phonological processing, and complex motor planning may not be indicative of higher-order motor programming or higher-order complex formation. We report on the effects of IA and TSA on the visual and motor skill of stroke patients. Purpose: The study aims to address the question of whether IA and TSA in bilingual individuals are the results of an error of motor function alone or due to a combined motor plus and cognitive dysfunction effect. Method: Twelve bilingual patients (seven males, and five females) were diagnosed with IA and TSA, and are divided into two groups of six patients. Then, 12 healthy bilingual controls were evaluated for comparing with both groups. Bilingual aphasia testing (BAT) and appropriate behavioral evaluation were used to assess motor skills, including coordination, visual-motor testing, and phonological processing. Results: Findings (pointing skills) show that the performance of the L1 and L2 languages are consistently significant (p < 0.001) in healthy individuals compared to the IA and TSA groups. Command skills for L1 and L2 languages were significantly higher in healthy individuals compared to IA and TSA controls (p < 0.001). Further, the orthographic skills of IA and TSA vs controls in both groups were significantly reduced (p < 0.01). Visual skills in the L1 language were significantly improved (p < 0.05) in IA and TSA patients compared to healthy controls after 2 months. Unlike orthographic skills which were improved in IA and TSA patients, languages in bilingual patients did not simultaneously improve. Conclusion: Dyspraxia is a condition that affects both motor and visual cognitive functions, and patients who have it often have less referred motor skills. The current dataset shows that accurate visual cognition requires both cognitive-linguistic and sensory-motor processes. Motor issues should be highlighted, and skills and functionality should be reinforced along with the significance of treatment between IA and TSA corresponding to age and education. This can be a good indicator for treating semantic disorders. © 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.