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Global Burden of Cancer in Children and Adolescents Aged 0–19 Years, 1990–2023: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 Publisher Pubmed



Force LM ; Kocarnik JM ; May ML ; Bhangdia K ; Crist A ; Penberthy L ; Pritchett N ; Acheson A ; Deitesfeld L ; Aalruz H ; Abate YH ; Abouzid M ; Abreu LG ; Aburuz S Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Force LM
  2. Kocarnik JM
  3. May ML
  4. Bhangdia K
  5. Crist A
  6. Penberthy L
  7. Pritchett N
  8. Acheson A
  9. Deitesfeld L
  10. Aalruz H
  11. Abate YH
  12. Abouzid M
  13. Abreu LG
  14. Aburuz S
  15. Afrashteh F
  16. Afzal MS
  17. Ahmad D
  18. Ahmed A
  19. Ahmed SA
  20. Al Hamad H
  21. Albashtawy M
  22. Aldhaleei WA
  23. Alhassan RK
  24. Ali A
  25. Almarwani S
  26. Altaf A
  27. Aly S
  28. Alzoubi KH
  29. Anh NH
  30. Anvari S
  31. Arafat M
  32. Aravkin AY
  33. Areda D
  34. Aremu A
  35. Armocida B
  36. Arooj M
  37. Asgharijafarabadi M
  38. Athari SS
  39. Atout MMW
  40. Ayana LAA
  41. Aziz S
  42. Azzam AY
  43. Bahreini R
  44. Bandyopadhyay S
  45. Barati S
  46. Bastan MM
  47. Bemanalizadeh M
  48. Bhatti JS
  49. Bilgin C
  50. Bisignano C
  51. Boppana SH
  52. Bouaoud S
  53. Bustanji Y
  54. Carreras G
  55. Catalalopez F
  56. Chakraborty C
  57. Chakraborty PA
  58. Chaudhary AA
  59. Choi DW
  60. Chukwu IS
  61. Dabo B
  62. Dai X
  63. Dandona L
  64. Dandona R
  65. Darcho SD
  66. Darwesh AM
  67. Desale AT
  68. Do THP
  69. Doku PN
  70. Dowou RK
  71. Dube J
  72. Emar AR
  73. El Sayed Zaki M
  74. Elhabashy HR
  75. Elshaer M
  76. Eltaha C
  77. Emeto TI
  78. Ezzikouri S
  79. Fadaka AO
  80. Fagbamigbe AF
  81. Fagbule OF
  82. Fahim A
  83. Farahmand M
  84. Folayan MO
  85. Fukumoto T
  86. Gebregergis MW
  87. Gebremeskel TG
  88. Geetha SD
  89. Getahun GK
  90. Ghith N
  91. Glasstetter LM
  92. Gupta VB
  93. Habteyohannes AD
  94. Haghmorad D
  95. Hajmirzaian A
  96. Hamdy NM
  97. Hasan MK
  98. Hasani H
  99. Hasanpour Dehkordi A
  100. Haubold J
  101. Hay SI
  102. Hayat K
  103. Hosseinzadeh M
  104. Hushmandi K
  105. Huynh HH
  106. Hwang BF
  107. Inok A
  108. Islam MI
  109. Islam MR
  110. Jain A
  111. Jairoun AA
  112. Joukar F
  113. Kabir A
  114. Kabir A
  115. Karimi Behnagh A
  116. Kazemi F
  117. Khalilian A
  118. Khanmohammadi S
  119. Khatatbeh H
  120. Khayat Kashani HR
  121. Kheirallah KA
  122. Khidri FF
  123. Khosravi M
  124. Khosravi S
  125. Kim MS
  126. Kisa A
  127. Kisa S
  128. Kompani F
  129. Kotnis AL
  130. Kuehni CE
  131. Kumar GA
  132. La Vecchia C
  133. Lan T
  134. Le MHN
  135. Lee SW
  136. Lee SW
  137. Lee WC
  138. Li MC
  139. Liu X
  140. M Amin HI
  141. Magdy Abd El Razek H
  142. Mansouri V
  143. Mathangasinghe Y
  144. Melese EB
  145. Mestrovic T
  146. Mettananda S
  147. Michalek IM
  148. Minervini G
  149. Mirutse MK
  150. Mohamed NS
  151. Mokdad AH
  152. Monasta L
  153. Moradijoo M
  154. Moraga P
  155. Motappa R
  156. Najdaghi S
  157. Najmuldeen HHR
  158. Nambi G
  159. Nargus S
  160. Naveed M
  161. Nazripanjaki A
  162. Niazi RK
  163. Noor STA
  164. Nriezedi CA
  165. Nzoputam OJ
  166. Nzoputam CI
  167. Ofakunrin AOD
  168. Omar HA
  169. Ong SK
  170. Ordak M
  171. Orish VN
  172. Padubidri JR
  173. Panos GD
  174. Parikh RR
  175. Patel J
  176. Patil S
  177. Peprah P
  178. Pesudovs K
  179. Poddighe D
  180. Puvvula J
  181. Radhakrishnan RA
  182. Raghuveer P
  183. Rahmani S
  184. Ramadan MM
  185. Ramasamy SK
  186. Ramezanzadeh K
  187. Rasoulisaravani A
  188. Rezaei N
  189. Rezaei N
  190. Roy N
  191. Roy P
  192. Sabet CJ
  193. Saeb MR
  194. Saeed U
  195. Safari M
  196. Safi SZ
  197. Safi S
  198. Saheb Sharifaskari N
  199. Saheb Sharifaskari F
  200. Sahebkar A
  201. Sajadi SM
  202. Saleh MA
  203. Salehi L
  204. Samodra YL
  205. Samy AM
  206. Sarasmita MA
  207. Saravanan A
  208. Sarkar T
  209. Satpathy M
  210. Schaarschmidt BM
  211. Schuermans A
  212. Seylani A
  213. Shahid S
  214. Shahsavari HR
  215. Shahwan MJ
  216. Shaikh MA
  217. Shamim MA
  218. Shamsi A
  219. Shamsutdinova A
  220. Shannawaz M
  221. Shayan M
  222. Shetty BSK
  223. Shetty PK
  224. Shetty M
  225. Shittu A
  226. Shokati Eshkiki Z
  227. Shorofi SA
  228. Shrestha S
  229. Siddig EE
  230. Singh S
  231. Singh P
  232. Sorensen RJD
  233. Suleman M
  234. Swain CK
  235. Szarpak L
  236. T Y SS
  237. Tabaresseisdedos R
  238. Taiba J
  239. Talaat IM
  240. Tat NY
  241. Tbakhi A
  242. Temsah MH
  243. Thayakaran R
  244. Tovanipalone MR
  245. Tran TH
  246. Tumurkhuu M
  247. Udoakang AJ
  248. Umair M
  249. Umakanthan S
  250. Waheed Y
  251. Waqar AB
  252. Waqas M
  253. Westerman R
  254. Xiao H
  255. Yahya G
  256. Yigzaw ZA
  257. Yon DK
  258. Zeariya MGM
  259. Zuber M
  260. Vos T
  261. Murray CJL
  262. Rodriguezgalindo C
  263. Bhakta N

Source: The Lancet Published:2026


Abstract

Background Information on childhood cancer burden is crucial for effective cancer policy planning. Unfortunately, observed paediatric cancer data are not available in every country, and previous global burden estimates have not discretely reported several common cancers of childhood. We aimed to inform efforts to address childhood cancer burden globally by analysing results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2023, which now include nine additional cancer causes compared with previous GBD analyses. Methods GBD 2023 data sources for cancer estimation included population-based cancer registries, vital registration systems, and verbal autopsies. For childhood cancers (defined as those occurring at ages 0–19 years), mortality was estimated using cancer-specific ensemble models and incidence was estimated using mortality estimates and modelled mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were estimated by multiplying age-specific cancer deaths by the standard life expectancy at the age of death. Prevalence was estimated using survival estimates modelled from MIRs and multiplied by sequelae-specific disability weights to estimate years lived with disability (YLDs). Disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were estimated as the sum of YLLs and YLDs. Estimates are presented globally and by geographical and resource groupings, and all estimates are presented with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). Findings Globally, in 2023, there were an estimated 377 000 incident childhood cancer cases (95% UI 288 000–489 000), 144 000 deaths (131 000–162 000), and 11·7 million (10·7–13·2) DALYs due to childhood cancer. Deaths due to childhood cancer decreased by 27·0% (15·5–36·1) globally, from 197 000 (173 000–218 000) in 1990, but increased in the WHO African region by 55·6% (25·5–92·4), from 31 500 (24 900–38 500) to 49 000 (42 600–58 200) between 1990 and 2023. In 2023, age-standardised YLLs due to childhood cancer were inversely correlated with country-level Socio-demographic Index. Childhood cancer was the eighth-leading cause of childhood deaths and the ninth-leading cause of DALYs among all cancers in 2023. The percentage of DALYs due to uncategorised childhood cancers was reduced from 26·5% (26·5–26·5) in GBD 2017 to 10·5% (8·1–13·1) with the addition of the nine new cancer causes. Target cancers for the WHO Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer (GICC) comprised 47·3% (42·2–52·0) of global childhood cancer deaths in 2023. Interpretation Global childhood cancer burden remains a substantial contributor to global childhood disease and cancer burden and is disproportionately weighted towards resource-limited settings. The estimation of additional cancer types relevant in childhood provides a step towards alignment with WHO GICC targets. Efforts to decrease global childhood cancer burden should focus on addressing the inequities in burden worldwide and support comprehensive improvements along the childhood cancer diagnosis and care continuum. Funding St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Gates Foundation, and St Baldrick's Foundation. © 2026 Elsevier Ltd.
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