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Global Prevalence of Coxiella Burnetii in Dairy Products: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Publisher



Jafari A1, 2 ; Mardani H3 ; Kordkatuli K4 ; Mohammadpour H5 ; Vakili M6 ; Arghavan B7
Authors

Source: International Dairy Journal Published:2025


Abstract

Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii) is a zoonotic bacterium that causes Q fever, a globally emerging infection. Dairy products with high consumption and demand worldwide have been reported as a potential source of C. burnetii contamination. This is the first systematic review, using meta-analysis to study the global prevalence of C. burnetii in dairy products. A comprehensive literature review was performed using the Medline/PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Scopus databases to locate publications reporting the prevalence of C. burnetii in dairy products up to October 2023. A random-effects model assessed the combined prevalence of C. burnetii in dairy products. 152 studies on dairy products were included in the meta-analysis. The findings indicated that globally, 29% of dairy products were contaminated with C. burnetii. The pooled prevalence of C. burnetii in dairy products such as milk, bulk tank milk (BTM), yogurt, cheese, and cream were 61%, 35%, 25%, 28%, and 4%, respectively. In conclusion, the high prevalence of C. burnetii in milk products is an important health concern worldwide. Due to the significance of milk and other dairy products in our diet, it is crucial to implement specific procedures to protect their quality from C. burnetii contamination. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd
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