Il-21 and Il-21 Receptor in the Immunopathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis

Il-21 and Il-21 Receptor in the Immunopathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis Publisher Pubmed

Ghalamfarsa G¹ ; Mahmoudi M² ; Mohammadniaafrouzi M³ ; Yazdani Y⁴ ; Anvari E⁵ ; Hadinia A¹ ; Ghanbari A¹ ; Setayesh M⁶ ; Yousefi M^{7, 8} ; Jadidiniaragh F⁹

Source: Journal of Immunotoxicology Published:2016

Abstract

Abstract: Cytokines are considered important factors in the modulation of various immune responses. Among them, interleukin (IL)-21 is one of the major immune modulators, adjusting various immune responses by affecting various immune cells. It has been suggested that IL-21 may enhance autoimmunity through different mechanisms, such as development and activation of helper T (TH)-17 and follicular helper T (TFH) cells, activation of natural killer (NK) cells, enhancing B-cell differentiation and antibody secretion and suppression of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Moreover, IL-21 has also been suggested to be an inducer of autoimmunity when following treatment of MS patients with some therapeutics such as alemtuzumab. This review will seek to clarify the precise role of IL-21/IL-21R in the pathogenesis of MS and, in its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). © 2015 Informa UK Limited trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

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Style	Citing Format
MLA	Ghalamfarsa G, et al.. "Il-21 and Il-21 Receptor in the Immunopathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis." Journal of Immunotoxicology, vol. 13, no. 3, 2016, pp. 274-285.
APA	Ghalamfarsa G, Mahmoudi M, Mohammadniaafrouzi M, Yazdani Y, Anvari E, Hadinia A, Ghanbari A, Setayesh M, Yousefi M, Jadidiniaragh F (2016). Il-21 and Il-21 Receptor in the Immunopathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis. Journal of Immunotoxicology, 13(3), 274-285.
Chicago	Ghalamfarsa G, Mahmoudi M, Mohammadniaafrouzi M, Yazdani Y, Anvari E, Hadinia A, Ghanbari A, Setayesh M, Yousefi M, Jadidiniaragh F. "Il-21 and Il-21 Receptor in the Immunopathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis." Journal of Immunotoxicology 13, no. 3 (2016): 274-285.
Harvard	Ghalamfarsa G et al. (2016) 'Il-21 and Il-21 Receptor in the Immunopathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis', Journal of Immunotoxicology, 13(3), pp. 274-285.
Vancouver	Ghalamfarsa G, Mahmoudi M, Mohammadniaafrouzi M, Yazdani Y, Anvari E, Hadinia A, et al.. Il-21 and Il-21 Receptor in the Immunopathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis. Journal of Immunotoxicology. 2016;13(3):274-285.
BibTex	@article{ author = {Ghalamfarsa G and Mahmoudi M and Mohammadniaafrouzi M and Yazdani Y and Anvari E and Hadinia A and Ghanbari A and Setayesh M and Yousefi M and Jadidiniaragh F}, title = {Il-21 and Il-21 Receptor in the Immunopathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis}, journal = {Journal of Immunotoxicology}, volume = {13}, number = {3}, pages = {274-285}, year = {2016} }
RIS	TY - JOUR AU - Ghalamfarsa G AU - Mahmoudi M AU - Mohammadniaafrouzi M AU - Yazdani Y AU - Anvari E AU - Hadinia A AU - Ghanbari A AU - Setayesh M AU - Yousefi M AU - Jadidiniaragh F TI - Il-21 and Il-21 Receptor in the Immunopathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis JO - Journal of Immunotoxicology VL - 13 IS - 3 SP - 274 EP - 285 PY - 2016 ER -

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