Advances and Developments in Transition Metal-Free Benzylic C(Sp3)-H Activation/Functionalization Reactions Publisher



Doraghi F¹ ; Kermaninia S² ; Ghalehsefid ES² ; Larijani B¹ ; Mahdavi M¹
Source: RSC Advances Published:2025

Abstract

Transition metal-free C(sp3)-H activation of toluene derivatives is known as a green and sustainable methodology for constructing carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. Benzylic C(sp3)-H activation/functionalization bond formation can be carried out in the presence of organic/inorganic peroxides, bases, acids, and other radical initiators. These radical transformations also occur under photochemical and electrochemical conditions. In this review, we highlight the C-H activation/annulation or C-H activation/functionalization reactions of benzylic carbon atoms in the presence of non-metal catalysts or promoters or without any catalyst. © 2025 The Royal Society of Chemistry.