Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics, and Cell Signaling Pathways of Pomegranate Peel Extract Publisher



Andishmand H^{1, 2} ; Masoumi B³ ; Yousefi M⁴ ; Sadeghizadehyazdi J^{1, 2} ; Rostami M⁵ ; Ezzati Nazhad Dolatabadi J⁶ ; Khalili Sadrabad E^{1, 2} ; Mahmoudzadeh M⁷ ; Jafari SM^{8, 9}
Source: Phytochemistry Reviews Published:2025

Abstract

For many years, pomegranate peel has been applied for treating several diseases such as dysentery, diarrhea, ulcers, and different pains. Numerous phytochemicals are identified in pomegranate peel extract (PPE), including alkaloids, organic acids, tannins, volatile oils, and flavonoids, which have an extensive range of health effects against both acute and chronic diseases. PPE has nutrigenomic potential that regulates several molecular pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase, nuclear factor kappa-B, cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase (caspase), and peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor. The main reason for the therapeutic activity of PPE is its high phenolic levels, e.g. ellagitannins and their gut microbial metabolites and urolithins. Over the last ten years, a variety of research has emerged regarding the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer effects of pomegranate peel compounds, emphasizing their role in managing and preventing diabetes, cancer, heart disease, UV-related skin damage, and dental and bacterial issues. Additional possible applications include addressing male infertility, obesity, neonatal cerebral ischemia, arthritis, and Alzheimer’s disease. So, it seems that PPE has enough potential to be used in various dietary supplements. This study offers a comprehensive exploration of PP extract, encompassing its chemical compositions, traditional uses, standardization, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and biological mechanisms. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2025.