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Hybridization of Polysaccharide/Lipid Composite-Based Nanovesicles for Precise Delivery of Drug/Gene/Protein in Immunotherapy: A Promising Paradigm for Precision Cancer Therapy Publisher Pubmed



Ghasemi Z ; Maleki A ; Forooshani RS ; Sharifianjazi F ; Tavamaishvili K ; Naghib SM
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Source: Carbohydrate Polymers Published:2026


Abstract

Despite immunotherapy progress in cancer treatment, clinical success is still hindered by challenges, such as systemic off-target effects, adverse events, and low immune response. Precision delivery can resolve these issues by targeting and controlling the delivery of immunotherapy agents to cancer tissue. This method leads to targeted delivery and controlled release of immunotherapy agents, enhancing immunotherapy efficacy. Hybridization of polysaccharides with lipid-based nanovesicles, abbreviated as PLVs, has emerged as a novel carrier for precise delivery with advanced synergistic properties. PLVs demonstrate targeted ability, stimuli-responsive drug release, versatile forms such as hydrogel and microneedles, and co-encapsulation ability. These capabilities allow for the precision delivery of different immunotherapy agents, such as gene, protein, and drugs. This review outlines strategies for precise delivery in immunotherapy, including targeted delivery, localized delivery, overcoming barriers, precision RNA delivery, combination delivery, and personalized agent delivery for the first time. It highlights the specific properties of polysaccharides and lipid-based nanovesicles, and their synergistic properties that facilitate precision delivery. Then, the potential of PLVsystems in different strategies for delivering various immunotherapy agents (genes, drugs, proteins) is examined. The review also includes insights from clinical trials and global patents, while addressing current challenges and future directions for PLV development in immunotherapy. © 2026 Elsevier Ltd.
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