Epileptic Seizure Prediction and Onset Zone Localization Using Intracranial and Scalp Electroencephalographic and Magnetoencephalographic Signals

Summary: Review discusses using brain signal recordings to predict and locate seizure origins in epilepsy, aiming to improve treatment for drug-resistant cases. #Epilepsy #BrainHealth

Marateb HR^{1, 2} ; Migliorelli C^{2, 3} ; Bachiller A² ; Azimi T¹ ; Nezhad FZ¹ ; Mansourian M^{2, 4} ; Alonso JF⁵ ; Aparicio J^{5, 6} ; San Antonioarce MV^{2, 3} ; Romero S¹ ; Mananas MA^{2, 3}
Source: Modelling and Analysis of Active Biopotential Signals in Healthcare, Volume 1 Published:2020

Abstract

Epilepsy, a significant cause of disability and mortality and one of the most common neurological disorders, is associated with seemingly random incidences of recurrent seizures. It affects one percent of the world’s population and individuals of all ages and has a worldwide distribution. About two-thirds of such patients could benefit from antiepileptic drugs. Resective surgery is a possible treatment for the other group (i.e. refractory epilepsy). In focal epilepsy, where a limited area in the brain is involved in abnormal neural activity, the identification of the epileptogenic zone (i.e. the seizure onset zone) is critical. In addition, preventing seizures using medication is facilitated by the prediction of epileptic seizures. In this chapter, we discuss how intracranial or scalp electroencephalographic and magnetoencephalographic recordings could be used for epileptic seizure prediction and onset zone localization. The signal processing methods and the challenges of the state-of-the-art are discussed. © IOP Publishing Ltd 2020.