Correction: Effects of Spirulina (Arthrospira) Platensis Supplementation on Inflammation, Physical and Mental Quality of Life, and Anthropometric Measures in Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (Rrms): A Triple-Blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial (Nutrition Journal, (2025), 24, 1, (132), 10.1186/S12937-025-01200-X) Publisher Pubmed



Karimi S ; Shaygannejad V ; Mohammadalipour A ; Feizi A ; Hooshmand S ; Kafeshani M
Source: Nutrition Journal Published:2026

Abstract

Following publication of the original article [1], the author reported that the between-group values of some variables were mistakenly reported in the within-group section of the Spirulina group. In addition, the variable “Role limitation–physical” was unintentionally omitted from the table.” Below is the correct Table 1. Quality of Life Assessment (Psychological, Physical, Sexual) and Pro-inflammatory Cytokines: IL-1β and IL-6 Levels Between-group −0.73 ± 0.09 [−0.91, −0.55] −7.91 <0.001 Within-group (Plb) 0.47 ± 0.10 [0.25, 0.67] 4.48 <0.001 Within-group (Spl) −0.29 ± 0.09 −0.47 to −0.10 −3.10 <0.01 Between-group −0.37 ± 0.11 [−0.59, −0.16] −3.43 0.001 Within-group (Plb) −0.28 ± 0.13 [−0.53, −0.02] −2.19 0.032 Within-group (Spl) −0.58 ± 0.11 −0.80 to −0.36 −5.32 <0.01 Between-group –0.36 ±0.16 [−0.68, −0.04] −2.31 0.03 Within-group (Plb) −0.14±0.82 [−0.31, 0.01] −1.7 0.78 Within-group (Spl) 0.35±0.59 [−0.46, −0.23] 0.52 0.61 Between-group −0.41 ± 0.20 [−0.81, 0.01] −2.04 0.144 Within-group (Plb) 0.73 ± 0.23 [0.28, 1.19] 3.21 0.002 Within-group (Spl) −0.14 ± 0.20 −0.54 to 0.26 −0.69 0.49 Between-group −1.31 ± 0.29 [−1.87, −0.74] −4.56 <0.001 Within-group (Plb) 1.02 ± 0.30 [0.41, 1.62] 3.36 0.001 Within-group (Spl) −0.52 ± 0.29 −1.08 to 0.05 −1.80 0.07 Between-group −1.35 ± 0.37 [−2.09, −0.62] −3.63 0.048 Within-group (Plb) 1.48 ± 0.39 [0.71, 2.25] 3.83 <0.001 Within-group (Spl) 0.06 ± 0.37 −0.67 to 0.80 0.17 0.86 Between-group −0.56 ± 0.18 [−0.92, −0.20] −3.08 0.003 Within-group (Plb) 0.28 ± 0.22 [−0.16, 0.71] 1.28 0.206 Within-group (Spl) −0.67 ± 0.18 −1.03 to −0.31 −3.68 <0.01 Between-group −0.44 ± 0.13 [−0.70, −0.19] −3.42 0.001 Within-group (Plb) −0.11 ± 0.10 [−0.31, 0.09] −1.07 0.288 Within-group (Spl) −0.25 ± 0.13 −0.51 to 0.00 −1.96 0.05 Between-group −0.49 ± 0.12 [−0.73, −0.26] −4.18 <0.001 Within-group (Plb) 0.20 ± 0.13 [−0.05, 0.45] 1.59 0.116 Within-group (Spl) −0.14 ± 0.11 −0.35 to 0.08 −1.27 0.21 Between-group after intervention −0.17 ± 0.16 [−0.48, 0.14] −1.12 0.266 Within-group (Plb) −0.15 ± 0.15 [–0.44, 0.14] −1.02 0.313 Within-group (Spl) −0.22 ± 0.16 [–0.53, 0.09] −1.39 0.168 Between-group after intervention −0.35 ± 0.31 [−0.96, 0.26] −1.15 0.252 Within-group (Plb) −0.03 ± 0.35 [–0.72, 0.66] −0.09 0.926 Within-group (Spl) 0.15 ± 0.31 [–0.46, 0.76] 0.47 0.638 Between-group after intervention −0.27 ± 0.15 [−0.56, 0.02] −1.83 0.069 Within-group (Plb) 0.26 ± 0.14 [–0.01, 0.53] 1.85 0.069 Within-group (Spl) 0.13 ± 0.15 [–0.16, 0.42] 0.82 0.414 Between-group −0.60 ± 0.24 [−1.07, −0.14] −2.56 0.012 Within-group (Plb) −0.35 ± 0.25 [−0.86, 0.15] −1.41 0.165 Within-group (Spl) −0.60 ± 0.24 [−1.07, −0.14] −2.56 0.012 Between-group −0.79 ± 0.36 [−1.49, −0.09] −2.22 0.028 Within-group (Plb) −0.29 ± 0.31 [−0.91, 0.33] −0.94 0.353 Within-group (Spl) −0.27 ± 0.36 −0.98 to 0.43 −0.77 0.44 Between-group 1.07 ± 0.14 [0.80, 1.34] 7.84 0.000 Within-group (Plb) −0.07 ± 0.10 [−0.27, 0.14] −0.66 0.512 Within-group (Spl) 1.20 ± 0.16 0.88 to 1.53 7.40 <0.01 Between-group 8.56 ± 1.25 [6.09, 11.03] 6.87 <0.001 Within-group (Plb) −0.88 ± 1.57 [−3.99, 2.23] −0.56 0.564 Within-group (Spl) 7.56 ± 1.15 [5.29, 9.83] 6.55 <0.01 Data are presented as Estimate ± standard error (SE). The distributions of variables were assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test and were found to be normal. the-value represents the ratio of the estimated effect to its standard error, indicating the strength and direction of the association. P-values were obtained from linear mixed-effects models, comparing end-of-trial values between groups while adjusting for the respective baseline values. a P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Spirulina group considered as reference for estimated values for between group comparison while time 2 (after intervention) considered as baseline for reference values Abbreviations: WC waist circumference, WHR waist-to-hip ratio, MET metabolic equivalent of task. Plb placebo, SPL Spirulina The original article has been updated. © The Author(s) 2025.