The Association Between Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphism and Obesity: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review Publisher



Heidaribeni M ; Golastani B ; Yazdi M ; Moradi M ; Kelishadi R
Source: JRAAS - Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Published:2025

Abstract

Background: The association between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphisms and obesity has been widely studied, yet findings remain inconsistent. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between ACE gene insertion–deletion (I/D) polymorphism and obesity. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases without any restriction on publication year up to December 2024. English-language observational studies (cross-sectional, case–control, or cohort) that evaluated the relationship between obesity risk and ACE I/D gene polymorphism were included. Only English-language observational studies (cross-sectional, case–control, and cohort) that evaluated the association between ACE gene I/D polymorphism and obesity risk were selected. Results: A total of 46 eligible studies were included. Significant differences in mean body mass index (BMI) were observed across genotypes. Individuals with the D/D genotype had a higher mean BMI compared to those with the D/I (MD = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.03–0.44) and I/I (MD = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.07–0.52) genotypes, indicating a strong association between specific ACE genotypes and BMI variation. Conclusion: The D/D genotype and D allele appear to be risk factors for elevated BMI and obesity. © The Author(s) 2025