Two Year Outcomes, Cognitive and Behavioral Markers of Decline in Healthy, Cognitively Normal Older Persons With Global Deterioration Scale Stage 2 (Subjective Cognitive Decline With Impairment)

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Two Year Outcomes, Cognitive and Behavioral Markers of Decline in Healthy, Cognitively Normal Older Persons With Global Deterioration Scale Stage 2 (Subjective Cognitive Decline With Impairment) Publisher Pubmed

Reisberg B^{1, 6, 14, 15} ; Torossian C¹ ; Shulman MB^{1, 2} ; Monteiro I¹ ; Boksay I¹ ; Golomb J^{1, 2} ; Benarous FG^{1, 2} ; Ulysse A² ; Oo T² ; Vedvyas A² ; Rao JA² ; Marsh K² ; Kluger A^{1, 7} ; Sangha J¹ Show All Authors

Reisberg B^{1, 6, 14, 15}
Torossian C¹
Shulman MB^{1, 2}
Monteiro I¹
Boksay I¹
Golomb J^{1, 2}
Benarous FG^{1, 2}
Ulysse A²
Oo T²
Vedvyas A²
Rao JA²
Marsh K²
Kluger A^{1, 7}
Sangha J¹
Hassan M¹
Alshalabi M¹
Arain F¹
Shaikh N⁸
Buj M¹
Kenowsky S¹
Masurkar AV²
Rabin L^{9, 15}
Noroozian M^{10, 14}
Sanchezsaudinos MB^{11, 12}
Blesa R^{11, 12, 14}
Auer S¹³
Zhang Y⁵
De Leon M¹
Sadowski M^{1, 2, 3}
Wisniewski T^{1, 2, 4}
Gauthier S^{6, 14}
Shao Y⁵

Source: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Published:2019

Abstract

Background: Little is known with respect to behavioral markers of subjective cognitive decline (SCD), a condition initially described in association with Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) stage 2. Objective: Two-year interval behavioral markers were investigated herein. Methods: Subjects from a published 7-year outcome study of GDS stage 2 subjects were selected. This study had demonstrated a hazard ratio of 4.5 for progression of GDS stage 2, in comparison with GDS stage 1 (no subjective or objective cognitive decline) subjects, after controlling for demographic and temporal variables. Because GDS 2 subjects have previously demonstrated impairment in comparison with healthy persons free of complaints, we herein suggest the terminology SCD(I) for these persons. 98 SCD(I) persons, 63 women and 35 men, mean baseline age, 67.12±8.75 years, with a mean educational background of 15.55±2.60 years, and mean baselineMMSEscores of 28.9±1.24 were followed for 2.13±0.30 years. Results: Observed annual decline on the GDS was 6.701% per annum, very close to a 1986 published estimate. At follow up, the MMSE, and 7 of 8 psychometric tests did not decline significantly. Of 21 Hamilton Depression Scale items, 2 improved and the remainder were unchanged. Anxieties declined from multiple perspectives. The Brief Cognitive Rating Scale (BCRS) declined significantly (p < 0.001), with component declines in Remote memory (p < 0.01), and Functioning/self-care (p = 0.01). Conclusion: SCD(I) persons decline at an annual rate of approximately 6.7%/year from several recent studies. The BCRS assessments and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test can be sensitive measures for future studies of progression mitigation. © 2019 IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.

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Style	Citing Format
MLA	Reisberg B, et al.. "Two Year Outcomes, Cognitive and Behavioral Markers of Decline in Healthy, Cognitively Normal Older Persons With Global Deterioration Scale Stage 2 (Subjective Cognitive Decline With Impairment)." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 67, no. 2, 2019, pp. 685-705.
APA	Reisberg B, Torossian C, Shulman MB, Monteiro I, Boksay I, Golomb J, Benarous FG, Ulysse A, Oo T, Vedvyas A, Rao JA, Marsh K, Kluger A, Sangha J, Hassan M, Alshalabi M, Arain F, Shaikh N, Buj M, ... Shao Y (2019). Two Year Outcomes, Cognitive and Behavioral Markers of Decline in Healthy, Cognitively Normal Older Persons With Global Deterioration Scale Stage 2 (Subjective Cognitive Decline With Impairment). Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 67(2), 685-705.
Chicago	Reisberg B, Torossian C, Shulman MB, Monteiro I, Boksay I, Golomb J, Benarous FG, et al.. "Two Year Outcomes, Cognitive and Behavioral Markers of Decline in Healthy, Cognitively Normal Older Persons With Global Deterioration Scale Stage 2 (Subjective Cognitive Decline With Impairment)." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 67, no. 2 (2019): 685-705.
Harvard	Reisberg B et al. (2019) 'Two Year Outcomes, Cognitive and Behavioral Markers of Decline in Healthy, Cognitively Normal Older Persons With Global Deterioration Scale Stage 2 (Subjective Cognitive Decline With Impairment)', Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 67(2), pp. 685-705.
Vancouver	Reisberg B, Torossian C, Shulman MB, Monteiro I, Boksay I, Golomb J, et al.. Two Year Outcomes, Cognitive and Behavioral Markers of Decline in Healthy, Cognitively Normal Older Persons With Global Deterioration Scale Stage 2 (Subjective Cognitive Decline With Impairment). Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. 2019;67(2):685-705.
BibTex	@article{ author = {Reisberg B and Torossian C and Shulman MB and Monteiro I and Boksay I and Golomb J and Benarous FG and Ulysse A and Oo T and Vedvyas A and Rao JA and Marsh K and Kluger A and Sangha J and Hassan M and Alshalabi M and Arain F and Shaikh N and Buj M and Kenowsky S and Masurkar AV and Rabin L and Noroozian M and Sanchezsaudinos MB and Blesa R and Auer S and Zhang Y and De Leon M and Sadowski M and Wisniewski T and Gauthier S and Shao Y}, title = {Two Year Outcomes, Cognitive and Behavioral Markers of Decline in Healthy, Cognitively Normal Older Persons With Global Deterioration Scale Stage 2 (Subjective Cognitive Decline With Impairment)}, journal = {Journal of Alzheimer's Disease}, volume = {67}, number = {2}, pages = {685-705}, year = {2019} }
RIS	TY - JOUR AU - Reisberg B AU - Torossian C AU - Shulman MB AU - Monteiro I AU - Boksay I AU - Golomb J AU - Benarous FG AU - Ulysse A AU - Oo T AU - Vedvyas A AU - Rao JA AU - Marsh K AU - Kluger A AU - Sangha J AU - Hassan M AU - Alshalabi M AU - Arain F AU - Shaikh N AU - Buj M AU - Kenowsky S AU - Masurkar AV AU - Rabin L AU - Noroozian M AU - Sanchezsaudinos MB AU - Blesa R AU - Auer S AU - Zhang Y AU - De Leon M AU - Sadowski M AU - Wisniewski T AU - Gauthier S AU - Shao Y TI - Two Year Outcomes, Cognitive and Behavioral Markers of Decline in Healthy, Cognitively Normal Older Persons With Global Deterioration Scale Stage 2 (Subjective Cognitive Decline With Impairment) JO - Journal of Alzheimer's Disease VL - 67 IS - 2 SP - 685 EP - 705 PY - 2019 ER -