Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in a Patient With B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia After Covid-19 Vaccination, Complicated With Covid-19 and Mucormycosis: A Case Report Publisher Pubmed



Amirifard H^{1, 2} ; Shahbazi M^{1, 2} ; Farahmand G¹ ; Ranjbar Z^{1, 2} ; Kaeedi M^{1, 2} ; Heydari Havadaragh S^{1, 2}
Source: BMC Neurology Published:2024

Abstract

Background: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare and fatal opportunistic viral demyelinating infectious disease of the central nervous system (CNS). There are various clinical presenting symptoms for the disease. Case presentation: This paper presents a clinical case of PML in a patient with B-Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), previously treated with Chlorambucil, later complicated later with COVID-19 and mucormycosis. Conclusion: PML can develop in the setting of cellular immune dysfunction. Late diagnosis of this disease based on nonspecific symptoms is common, therefore when we face a neurological complication in a CLL or immunocompromised patient, we should consider PML infection. A remarkable feature of this case is the possible triggering effect of COVID-19 vaccination for emergence of PML as the disease can be asymptomatic or sub-clinical before diagnosis. © The Author(s) 2024.