Covid-19 Lockdown: A Global Study Investigating the Effect of Athletes' Sport Classification and Sex on Training Practices

Covid-19 Lockdown: A Global Study Investigating the Effect of Athletes' Sport Classification and Sex on Training Practices Publisher Pubmed

Washif JA¹ ; Sandbakk O² ; Seiler S³ ; Haugen T⁴ ; Farooq A⁵ ; Quarrie K⁶ ; Janse Van Rensburg DC^{7, 8} ; Krug I⁹ ; Verhagen E¹⁰ ; Wong DP¹¹ ; Mujika I^{12, 13} ; Cortis C¹⁴ ; Haddad M¹⁵ ; Ahmadian O¹⁶ Show All Authors

Washif JA¹
Sandbakk O²
Seiler S³
Haugen T⁴
Farooq A⁵
Quarrie K⁶
Janse Van Rensburg DC^{7, 8}
Krug I⁹
Verhagen E¹⁰
Wong DP¹¹
Mujika I^{12, 13}
Cortis C¹⁴
Haddad M¹⁵
Ahmadian O¹⁶
Jufaili MA¹⁷
Alhorani RA¹⁸
Almohannadi AS¹⁹
Aloui A^{20, 21}
Ammar A^{22, 23}
Arifi F^{24, 25}
Aziz AR²⁶
Batuev M²⁷
Beaven CM²⁸
Beneke R²⁹
Bici A³⁰
Bishnoi P³¹
Bogwasi L^{32, 33}
Bok D³⁴
Boukhris O^{20, 35}
Boullosa D^{36, 37}
Bragazzi N³⁸
Brito J³⁹
Cartagena RPP⁴⁰
Chaouachi A^{41, 42}
Cheung SS⁴³
Chtourou H^{20, 35}
Cosma G⁴⁴
Debevec T^{45, 46}
Delang MD⁴⁷
Dellal A^{48, 49}
Donmez G⁵⁰
Driss T²³
Duque JDP⁵¹
Eirale C⁵²
Elloumi M⁵³
Foster C⁵⁴
Franchini E⁵⁵
Fusco A¹⁴
Galy O⁵⁶
Gastin PB⁵⁷
Gill N²⁸
Girard O⁵⁸
Gregov C³⁴
Halson S⁵⁹
Hammouda O^{23, 60}
Hanzlikova I²⁸
Hassanmirzaei B^{61, 62}
Hebertlosier K²⁸
Helu HM⁶³
Herreravalenzuela T^{64, 65}
Hettinga FJ²⁷
Holtzhausen L^{5, 7, 66, 67}
Hue O⁶⁸
Dello Iacono A⁶⁹
Ihalainen JK⁷⁰
James C¹
Joseph S⁷¹
Kamoun K⁴¹
Khaled M⁷²
Khalladi K⁵
Kim KJ⁷³
Kok LY⁷⁴
Macmillan L⁷⁵
Matarunadossantos LJ^{76, 77, 78}
Matsunaga R^{79, 80}
Memishi S⁸¹
Millet GP⁸²
Moussachamari I¹⁵
Musa DI⁸³
Nguyen HMT⁸⁴
Nikolaidis PT⁸⁵
Owen A^{86, 87}
Padulo J⁸⁸
Pagaduan JC⁸⁹
Perera NP^{90, 91, 92}
Pillay L^{7, 94}
Popa A⁹⁵
Pudasaini A⁹⁶
Rabbani A⁹⁷
Rahayu T⁹⁸
Romdhani M²⁰
Perezgomez J⁹³
Salamh P⁹⁹
Sarkar AS¹⁰⁰
Schillinger A¹⁰¹
Setyawati H⁹⁸
Shrestha N^{96, 102}
Tabben M⁵
Trabelsi K^{35, 103}
Urhausen A^{104, 105, 106}
Suraya F⁹⁸
Valtonen M¹⁰⁷
Weber J^{108, 109}
Whiteley R^{5, 110}
Zrane A^{111, 112, 113}
Zerguini Y^{114, 115}
Zmijewski P¹¹⁶
Saad HB^{117, 118}
Pyne DB⁹¹
Taylor L^{119, 120, 121}
Chamari K⁵

Source: International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance Published:2022

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate differences in athletes' knowledge, beliefs, and training practices during COVID-19 lockdowns with reference to sport classification and sex. This work extends an initial descriptive evaluation focusing on athlete classification. Methods: Athletes (12,526; 66% male; 142 countries) completed an online survey (May-July 2020) assessing knowledge, beliefs, and practices toward training. Sports were classified as team sports (45%), endurance (20%), power/technical (10%), combat (9%), aquatic (6%), recreational (4%), racquet (3%), precision (2%), parasports (1%), and others (1%). Further analysis by sex was performed. Results: During lockdown, athletes practiced body-weight-based exercises routinely (67% females and 64% males), ranging from 50% (precision) to 78% (parasports). More sport-specific technical skills were performed in combat, parasports, and precision (∼50%) than other sports (∼35%). Most athletes (range: 50% [parasports] to 75% [endurance]) performed cardiorespiratory training (trivial sex differences). Compared to prelockdown, perceived training intensity was reduced by 29% to 41%, depending on sport (largest decline: ∼38% in team sports, unaffected by sex). Some athletes (range: 7%-49%) maintained their training intensity for strength, endurance, speed, plyometric, change-of-direction, and technical training. Athletes who previously trained ≥5 sessions per week reduced their volume (range: 18%-28%) during lockdown. The proportion of athletes (81%) training ≥60 min/session reduced by 31% to 43% during lockdown. Males and females had comparable moderate levels of training knowledge (56% vs 58%) and beliefs/attitudes (54% vs 56%). Conclusions: Changes in athletes' training practices were sport-specific, with few or no sex differences. Team-based sports were generally more susceptible to changes than individual sports. Policy makers should provide athletes with specific training arrangements and educational resources to facilitate remote and/or home-based training during lockdown-type events. © 2022 Human Kinetics Publishers Inc.. All rights reserved.

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Zahra Alizadeh (2)

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Style	Citing Format
MLA	Washif JA, et al.. "Covid-19 Lockdown: A Global Study Investigating the Effect of Athletes' Sport Classification and Sex on Training Practices." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, vol. 17, no. 8, 2022, pp. 1242-1256.
APA	Washif JA, Sandbakk O, Seiler S, Haugen T, Farooq A, Quarrie K, Janse Van Rensburg DC, Krug I, Verhagen E, Wong DP, Mujika I, Cortis C, Haddad M, Ahmadian O, Jufaili MA, Alhorani RA, Almohannadi AS, Aloui A, Ammar A, ... Chamari K (2022). Covid-19 Lockdown: A Global Study Investigating the Effect of Athletes' Sport Classification and Sex on Training Practices. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 17(8), 1242-1256.
Chicago	Washif JA, Sandbakk O, Seiler S, Haugen T, Farooq A, Quarrie K, Janse Van Rensburg DC, et al.. "Covid-19 Lockdown: A Global Study Investigating the Effect of Athletes' Sport Classification and Sex on Training Practices." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 17, no. 8 (2022): 1242-1256.
Harvard	Washif JA et al. (2022) 'Covid-19 Lockdown: A Global Study Investigating the Effect of Athletes' Sport Classification and Sex on Training Practices', International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 17(8), pp. 1242-1256.
Vancouver	Washif JA, Sandbakk O, Seiler S, Haugen T, Farooq A, Quarrie K, et al.. Covid-19 Lockdown: A Global Study Investigating the Effect of Athletes' Sport Classification and Sex on Training Practices. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 2022;17(8):1242-1256.
BibTex	@article{ author = {Washif JA and Sandbakk O and Seiler S and Haugen T and Farooq A and Quarrie K and Janse Van Rensburg DC and Krug I and Verhagen E and Wong DP and Mujika I and Cortis C and Haddad M and Ahmadian O and Jufaili MA and Alhorani RA and Almohannadi AS and Aloui A and Ammar A and Arifi F and Aziz AR and Batuev M and Beaven CM and Beneke R and Bici A and Bishnoi P and Bogwasi L and Bok D and Boukhris O and Boullosa D and Bragazzi N and Brito J and Cartagena RPP and Chaouachi A and Cheung SS and Chtourou H and Cosma G and Debevec T and Delang MD and Dellal A and Donmez G and Driss T and Duque JDP and Eirale C and Elloumi M and Foster C and Franchini E and Fusco A and Galy O and Gastin PB and Gill N and Girard O and Gregov C and Halson S and Hammouda O and Hanzlikova I and Hassanmirzaei B and Hebertlosier K and Helu HM and Herreravalenzuela T and Hettinga FJ and Holtzhausen L and Hue O and Dello Iacono A and Ihalainen JK and James C and Joseph S and Kamoun K and Khaled M and Khalladi K and Kim KJ and Kok LY and Macmillan L and Matarunadossantos LJ and Matsunaga R and Memishi S and Millet GP and Moussachamari I and Musa DI and Nguyen HMT and Nikolaidis PT and Owen A and Padulo J and Pagaduan JC and Perera NP and Pillay L and Popa A and Pudasaini A and Rabbani A and Rahayu T and Romdhani M and Perezgomez J and Salamh P and Sarkar AS and Schillinger A and Setyawati H and Shrestha N and Tabben M and Trabelsi K and Urhausen A and Suraya F and Valtonen M and Weber J and Whiteley R and Zrane A and Zerguini Y and Zmijewski P and Saad HB and Pyne DB and Taylor L and Chamari K}, title = {Covid-19 Lockdown: A Global Study Investigating the Effect of Athletes' Sport Classification and Sex on Training Practices}, journal = {International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance}, volume = {17}, number = {8}, pages = {1242-1256}, year = {2022} }
RIS	TY - JOUR AU - Washif JA AU - Sandbakk O AU - Seiler S AU - Haugen T AU - Farooq A AU - Quarrie K AU - Janse Van Rensburg DC AU - Krug I AU - Verhagen E AU - Wong DP AU - Mujika I AU - Cortis C AU - Haddad M AU - Ahmadian O AU - Jufaili MA AU - Alhorani RA AU - Almohannadi AS AU - Aloui A AU - Ammar A AU - Arifi F AU - Aziz AR AU - Batuev M AU - Beaven CM AU - Beneke R AU - Bici A AU - Bishnoi P AU - Bogwasi L AU - Bok D AU - Boukhris O AU - Boullosa D AU - Bragazzi N AU - Brito J AU - Cartagena RPP AU - Chaouachi A AU - Cheung SS AU - Chtourou H AU - Cosma G AU - Debevec T AU - Delang MD AU - Dellal A AU - Donmez G AU - Driss T AU - Duque JDP AU - Eirale C AU - Elloumi M AU - Foster C AU - Franchini E AU - Fusco A AU - Galy O AU - Gastin PB AU - Gill N AU - Girard O AU - Gregov C AU - Halson S AU - Hammouda O AU - Hanzlikova I AU - Hassanmirzaei B AU - Hebertlosier K AU - Helu HM AU - Herreravalenzuela T AU - Hettinga FJ AU - Holtzhausen L AU - Hue O AU - Dello Iacono A AU - Ihalainen JK AU - James C AU - Joseph S AU - Kamoun K AU - Khaled M AU - Khalladi K AU - Kim KJ AU - Kok LY AU - Macmillan L AU - Matarunadossantos LJ AU - Matsunaga R AU - Memishi S AU - Millet GP AU - Moussachamari I AU - Musa DI AU - Nguyen HMT AU - Nikolaidis PT AU - Owen A AU - Padulo J AU - Pagaduan JC AU - Perera NP AU - Pillay L AU - Popa A AU - Pudasaini A AU - Rabbani A AU - Rahayu T AU - Romdhani M AU - Perezgomez J AU - Salamh P AU - Sarkar AS AU - Schillinger A AU - Setyawati H AU - Shrestha N AU - Tabben M AU - Trabelsi K AU - Urhausen A AU - Suraya F AU - Valtonen M AU - Weber J AU - Whiteley R AU - Zrane A AU - Zerguini Y AU - Zmijewski P AU - Saad HB AU - Pyne DB AU - Taylor L AU - Chamari K TI - Covid-19 Lockdown: A Global Study Investigating the Effect of Athletes' Sport Classification and Sex on Training Practices JO - International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance VL - 17 IS - 8 SP - 1242 EP - 1256 PY - 2022 ER -

Style

Citing Format

MLA

Washif JA, et al.. "Covid-19 Lockdown: A Global Study Investigating the Effect of Athletes' Sport Classification and Sex on Training Practices." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, vol. 17, no. 8, 2022, pp. 1242-1256.

APA

Washif JA, Sandbakk O, Seiler S, Haugen T, Farooq A, Quarrie K, Janse Van Rensburg DC, Krug I, Verhagen E, Wong DP, Mujika I, Cortis C, Haddad M, Ahmadian O, Jufaili MA, Alhorani RA, Almohannadi AS, Aloui A, Ammar A, ... Chamari K (2022). Covid-19 Lockdown: A Global Study Investigating the Effect of Athletes' Sport Classification and Sex on Training Practices. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 17(8), 1242-1256.

Chicago

Washif JA, Sandbakk O, Seiler S, Haugen T, Farooq A, Quarrie K, Janse Van Rensburg DC, et al.. "Covid-19 Lockdown: A Global Study Investigating the Effect of Athletes' Sport Classification and Sex on Training Practices." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 17, no. 8 (2022): 1242-1256.

Harvard

Washif JA et al. (2022) 'Covid-19 Lockdown: A Global Study Investigating the Effect of Athletes' Sport Classification and Sex on Training Practices', International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 17(8), pp. 1242-1256.

Vancouver

Washif JA, Sandbakk O, Seiler S, Haugen T, Farooq A, Quarrie K, et al.. Covid-19 Lockdown: A Global Study Investigating the Effect of Athletes' Sport Classification and Sex on Training Practices. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 2022;17(8):1242-1256.

BibTex

@article{ author = {Washif JA and Sandbakk O and Seiler S and Haugen T and Farooq A and Quarrie K and Janse Van Rensburg DC and Krug I and Verhagen E and Wong DP and Mujika I and Cortis C and Haddad M and Ahmadian O and Jufaili MA and Alhorani RA and Almohannadi AS and Aloui A and Ammar A and Arifi F and Aziz AR and Batuev M and Beaven CM and Beneke R and Bici A and Bishnoi P and Bogwasi L and Bok D and Boukhris O and Boullosa D and Bragazzi N and Brito J and Cartagena RPP and Chaouachi A and Cheung SS and Chtourou H and Cosma G and Debevec T and Delang MD and Dellal A and Donmez G and Driss T and Duque JDP and Eirale C and Elloumi M and Foster C and Franchini E and Fusco A and Galy O and Gastin PB and Gill N and Girard O and Gregov C and Halson S and Hammouda O and Hanzlikova I and Hassanmirzaei B and Hebertlosier K and Helu HM and Herreravalenzuela T and Hettinga FJ and Holtzhausen L and Hue O and Dello Iacono A and Ihalainen JK and James C and Joseph S and Kamoun K and Khaled M and Khalladi K and Kim KJ and Kok LY and Macmillan L and Matarunadossantos LJ and Matsunaga R and Memishi S and Millet GP and Moussachamari I and Musa DI and Nguyen HMT and Nikolaidis PT and Owen A and Padulo J and Pagaduan JC and Perera NP and Pillay L and Popa A and Pudasaini A and Rabbani A and Rahayu T and Romdhani M and Perezgomez J and Salamh P and Sarkar AS and Schillinger A and Setyawati H and Shrestha N and Tabben M and Trabelsi K and Urhausen A and Suraya F and Valtonen M and Weber J and Whiteley R and Zrane A and Zerguini Y and Zmijewski P and Saad HB and Pyne DB and Taylor L and Chamari K}, title = {Covid-19 Lockdown: A Global Study Investigating the Effect of Athletes' Sport Classification and Sex on Training Practices}, journal = {International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance}, volume = {17}, number = {8}, pages = {1242-1256}, year = {2022} }

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Washif JA
AU - Sandbakk O
AU - Seiler S
AU - Haugen T
AU - Farooq A
AU - Quarrie K
AU - Janse Van Rensburg DC
AU - Krug I
AU - Verhagen E
AU - Wong DP
AU - Mujika I
AU - Cortis C
AU - Haddad M
AU - Ahmadian O
AU - Jufaili MA
AU - Alhorani RA
AU - Almohannadi AS
AU - Aloui A
AU - Ammar A
AU - Arifi F
AU - Aziz AR
AU - Batuev M
AU - Beaven CM
AU - Beneke R
AU - Bici A
AU - Bishnoi P
AU - Bogwasi L
AU - Bok D
AU - Boukhris O
AU - Boullosa D
AU - Bragazzi N
AU - Brito J
AU - Cartagena RPP
AU - Chaouachi A
AU - Cheung SS
AU - Chtourou H
AU - Cosma G
AU - Debevec T
AU - Delang MD
AU - Dellal A
AU - Donmez G
AU - Driss T
AU - Duque JDP
AU - Eirale C
AU - Elloumi M
AU - Foster C
AU - Franchini E
AU - Fusco A
AU - Galy O
AU - Gastin PB
AU - Gill N
AU - Girard O
AU - Gregov C
AU - Halson S
AU - Hammouda O
AU - Hanzlikova I
AU - Hassanmirzaei B
AU - Hebertlosier K
AU - Helu HM
AU - Herreravalenzuela T
AU - Hettinga FJ
AU - Holtzhausen L
AU - Hue O
AU - Dello Iacono A
AU - Ihalainen JK
AU - James C
AU - Joseph S
AU - Kamoun K
AU - Khaled M
AU - Khalladi K
AU - Kim KJ
AU - Kok LY
AU - Macmillan L
AU - Matarunadossantos LJ
AU - Matsunaga R
AU - Memishi S
AU - Millet GP
AU - Moussachamari I
AU - Musa DI
AU - Nguyen HMT
AU - Nikolaidis PT
AU - Owen A
AU - Padulo J
AU - Pagaduan JC
AU - Perera NP
AU - Pillay L
AU - Popa A
AU - Pudasaini A
AU - Rabbani A
AU - Rahayu T
AU - Romdhani M
AU - Perezgomez J
AU - Salamh P
AU - Sarkar AS
AU - Schillinger A
AU - Setyawati H
AU - Shrestha N
AU - Tabben M
AU - Trabelsi K
AU - Urhausen A
AU - Suraya F
AU - Valtonen M
AU - Weber J
AU - Whiteley R
AU - Zrane A
AU - Zerguini Y
AU - Zmijewski P
AU - Saad HB
AU - Pyne DB
AU - Taylor L
AU - Chamari K
TI - Covid-19 Lockdown: A Global Study Investigating the Effect of Athletes' Sport Classification and Sex on Training Practices
JO - International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance
VL - 17
IS - 8
SP - 1242
EP - 1256
PY - 2022
ER -

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Abstract