Enhancing Speech Fluency in Adults Who Stutter: A Randomised Controlled Trial of Anodal Tdcs Combined With Fluency-Shaping Intervention Publisher Pubmed



Esfandeh K ; Nitsche M ; Karimi H ; Ebadi A ; Khatoonabadi AR
Source: Journal of Fluency Disorders Published:2026

Abstract

Background Stuttering is a neurodevelopmental disorder that typically emerges in childhood and may persist into adulthood. The current study hypothesized that adults with persistent stuttering who received active anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the left inferior frontal gyrus would demonstrate significantly greater improvements in speech fluency compared to those who received sham stimulation. Methods A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a combined therapeutic approach. Thirty adults diagnosed with moderate to severe stuttering (6 females, 24 males; M = 30.60 years, SD = 10.15) were randomly assigned to either an anodal tDCS group or a sham stimulation group. Participants in the anodal group received fluency shaping therapy concurrently with anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (2 mA), while those in the sham group underwent the same behavioral therapy alongside sham stimulation. The tDCS was targeted over the left inferior frontal gyrus. Each participant completed ten 20-minute sessions over five consecutive days. Speech fluency outcomes were measured pre- and post-intervention. Results The anodal tDCS group demonstrated significantly greater reductions in %SS, NAT, and SR compared to the sham group across all post-intervention time points ( p < .05). Regarding the OASES, no significant between-group differences were observed at any time point; however, both groups demonstrated significant within-group improvements from baseline to the 3-month follow-up. Conclusions These findings suggest that tDCS, when combined with behavioral fluency interventions, can enhance speech fluency in adults who stutter. tDCS may therefore serve as a promising adjunctive technique to augment the effectiveness of conventional fluency therapies. © 2026 Elsevier Inc.