Pilot Study of Safety and Efficacy of Topical Liposomal Amphotericin B for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania Major in Islamic Republic of Iran; [Etude Pilote Sur L'innocuite Et L'efficacite De L'amphotericine B Liposomale Topique Pour Le Traitement De La Leishmaniose Cutanee Causee Par Leishmania Major En Republique Islamique D'iran] Publisher Pubmed



Khamesipour A¹ ; Mohammadi A¹ ; Jaafari M^{2, 3} ; Eskandari S¹ ; Tasbihi M¹ ; Javadi A^{1, 4} ; Afshari F⁵ ; Mortazavi H⁶ ; Firooz A¹
Source: Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal Published:2022

Abstract

Background: Topical nanoliposomes containing 0.4% amphotericin B (Lip-AmB 0.4%) have shown promising safety results in preclinical and phase 1 clinical trials in healthy volunteers. Aims: To evaluate safety and efficacy of Lip-AmB 0.4% in cutaneous leishmaniasis patients. Methods: Fourteen patients with a total of 84 lesions received national standard treatment of weekly intralesional meglu-mine antimoniate with biweekly cryotherapy, or daily intramuscular meglumine antimoniate (20 mg/kg/day for 14 days), and topical Lip-AmB 0.4% twice daily for 28 days. Twenty-two patients with a total of 46 lesions (7 at most) were treated with topical Lip-AmB 0.4% alone twice daily for 28 days. Thirty patients with a total of 68 lesions received national standard treatment of weekly intralesional meglumine antimoniate (to blanch around the lesion) and biweekly cryotherapy. Results: Sixty-six patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions completed the study. In the safety evaluation, 2 of the 36 patients evaluated reported a tolerable burning sensation and they preferred to continue treatment. Twelve (92%) of 14 patients with 84 lesions who received national standard treatment combined with Lip-AmB 0.4% completed the study with complete cure. In 1 of the patients with 4 lesions, 1 lesion showed complete cure and 3 showed partial cure. Among 22 patients with 46 lesions who received only topical LipAmB 0.4%, 19 completed the study and 18 showed complete cure (95% efficacy). In the 30 patients who received national standard treatment alone, 33 lesions in 15 patients showed complete cure (48.5%) on day 42 follow-up. Conclusion: Lip-AmB 0.4% alone or in combination with national standard treatment is safe with high-efficacy rate and warrants further investigation during phase 3 clinical trials. © World Health Organization (WHO) 2022.