Nitroglycerin Publisher



Rahimifard M¹ ; Haghiaminjan H² ; Bayrami Z^{1, 3}
Source: Encyclopedia of Toxicology# Fourth Edition: Volume 1-9 Published:2023

Abstract

Nitroglycerin, commonly known as glyceryl trinitrate, is a medicine used to treat angina by acting as a vasodilator and promoting blood flow. It is an odorless, somewhat volatile oily liquid with a sweet, fragrant, and peppery flavor. Nitroglycerin is miscible with ether, acetone, and chloroform and is soluble in water, ethanol, and methanol. It has been a key element in producing explosives, including the most notable dynamite. This compound is also used to treat cardiac disorders, including angina and chronic left ventricular failure, and anal fissures. Additionally, glyceryl trinitrate has been recommended for various applications, such as adjunctive therapy in prostate cancer. Interestingly, today it is used in patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) who had acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and bilateral pulmonary emboli in clinical studies and results in improvement of the respiratory system. On the other hand, it has side effects and because of vasodilation and methemoglobinemia, is toxic. Its poisoning affects the heart, blood arteries, and red blood cells, as the primary targets. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.