Evaluating the Impact of Febuxostat on 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Based Photodynamic Therapy in Bladder Cancer Cell Lines

Evaluating the Impact of Febuxostat on 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Based Photodynamic Therapy in Bladder Cancer Cell Lines Publisher Pubmed

Khatami F ; Sharifkazemi H ; Taheri D ; Oskouie IM ; Mirzaei A ; Mashhadi R ; Nikoofar P ; Aghamir SMK

Source: Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Published:2025

Abstract

Background: Bladder cancer (BC) is a prevalent malignancy worldwide, with significant challenges in recurrence management following conventional treatments. This study investigates the potential of Febuxostat, an established xanthine oxidase inhibitor, to enhance the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizing 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) in bladder cancer cell lines T24 and 5637. Methods: In this in vitro study, we evaluated the effect of 5-ALA, Febuxostat and 5-ALA- Febuxostat combination therapy in T24 and 5637 cell lines as representatives of human bladder cancer. The assessment includes scratch-wound assay, colony formation assay, ROS measurement, flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis and DNA cell cycle, real-time PCR (BAX/BCL2, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, HIF1α and VEGFC genes). Results: Our findings demonstrate that co-administration of Febuxostat significantly increases ROS output compared to ALA treatment alone (p-value ≤ 0.05), leading to enhanced cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Flow cytometric analyses revealed elevated apoptosis rates in combination treatment groups, and cell cycle assessments indicated a preferential sub-G1 phase arrest associated with the enhanced apoptotic response (P Value = 0.03). Additionally, gene expression profiling showed alterations in key apoptotic markers (BAX/BCL2), with an upregulation of pro-apoptotic genes and a downregulation of anti-apoptotic factors and increase E-Cadherin/N-Cadherin in response to Febuxostat-enhanced PDT (P Value>0.05). Conclusion: These results indicate that Febuxostat effectively potentiates the photodynamic effects of ALA in bladder cancer cells, promising a novel therapeutic strategy that warrants further exploration. © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Style	Citing Format
MLA	Khatami F, et al.. "Evaluating the Impact of Febuxostat on 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Based Photodynamic Therapy in Bladder Cancer Cell Lines." Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, vol. 56, no. , 2025, pp. -.
APA	Khatami F, Sharifkazemi H, Taheri D, Oskouie IM, Mirzaei A, Mashhadi R, Nikoofar P, Aghamir SMK (2025). Evaluating the Impact of Febuxostat on 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Based Photodynamic Therapy in Bladder Cancer Cell Lines. Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, 56(), -.
Chicago	Khatami F, Sharifkazemi H, Taheri D, Oskouie IM, Mirzaei A, Mashhadi R, Nikoofar P, Aghamir SMK. "Evaluating the Impact of Febuxostat on 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Based Photodynamic Therapy in Bladder Cancer Cell Lines." Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy 56, no. (2025): -.
Harvard	Khatami F et al. (2025) 'Evaluating the Impact of Febuxostat on 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Based Photodynamic Therapy in Bladder Cancer Cell Lines', Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, 56(), pp. -.
Vancouver	Khatami F, Sharifkazemi H, Taheri D, Oskouie IM, Mirzaei A, Mashhadi R, et al.. Evaluating the Impact of Febuxostat on 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Based Photodynamic Therapy in Bladder Cancer Cell Lines. Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy. 2025;56():-.
BibTex	@article{ author = {Khatami F and Sharifkazemi H and Taheri D and Oskouie IM and Mirzaei A and Mashhadi R and Nikoofar P and Aghamir SMK}, title = {Evaluating the Impact of Febuxostat on 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Based Photodynamic Therapy in Bladder Cancer Cell Lines}, journal = {Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy}, volume = {56}, number = {}, pages = {-}, year = {2025} }
RIS	TY - JOUR AU - Khatami F AU - Sharifkazemi H AU - Taheri D AU - Oskouie IM AU - Mirzaei A AU - Mashhadi R AU - Nikoofar P AU - Aghamir SMK TI - Evaluating the Impact of Febuxostat on 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Based Photodynamic Therapy in Bladder Cancer Cell Lines JO - Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy VL - 56 IS - SP - EP - PY - 2025 ER -

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