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The Effects of Prolactin on the Immune System, Its Relationship With the Severity of Covid-19, and Its Potential Immunomodulatory Therapeutic Effect Publisher Pubmed



Rasmi Y1 ; Jalali L1 ; Khalid S2 ; Shokati A3, 4 ; Tyagi P5 ; Ozturk A6 ; Nasimfar A7
Authors

Source: Cytokine Published:2023


Abstract

Prolactin (PRL) is an endocrine hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that has a variety of physiological effects, including milk production, immune system regulation, and anti-inflammatory effects. Elevated levels of PRL have been found in several viral infections, including 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), a viral pathogen that has recently spread worldwide. PRL production is increased in SARS-CoV2 infection. While PRL can trigger the production of proinflammatory cytokines, it also has several anti-inflammatory effects that can reduce hyperinflammation. The exact mechanism of PRL's contribution to the severity of COVID-19 is unknown. The purpose of this review is to discuss the interaction between PRL and SARS-CoV2 infection and its possible association with the severity of COVID-19. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd