Unveiling the Impact of Interphase Properties on the Modulus of Composites Reinforced With Nanodiamond: Defining an Interfacial Adhesion Parameter Publisher



Nematollahi H¹ ; Mohammadi M¹ ; Munir MT² ; Zare Y³ ; Rhee KY⁴ ; Park SJ⁵
Source: Surfaces and Interfaces Published:2025

Abstract

In this manuscript, Sato-Furukawa model is developed to predict the tensile modulus of nanodiamond (ND)-based samples, assuming the interfacial adhesion between ND and the matrix. Also, an unknown interfacial adhesion parameter (ζ) in Sato-Furukawa model is developed by interphase properties. The outcomes of the proposed model are compared with empirical data, and the level of precision is evaluated. Furthermore, it takes into account the size of the nanoparticles, which is an important factor that was not included in the original model. In summary, this research offers a quantitative analysis of ζ. Then, the impacts of various parameters such as interphase thickness (Ri), interphase modulus (Ei), ND radius (R), and filler concentration (φf) on the modulus of the nanocomposite are investigated. The outcomes from the proposed model completely agree with the experimental findings of various samples. The results indicate a direct connection among the interphase characteristics and composite stiffness. Specifically, an interphase size of 10 nm and interphase modulus of 15 GPa at a ND concentration of φf = 0.01 produce a 300 % improvement in the modulus of system. Moreover, the ideal combination of the smallest ND radius (2 nm) and the highest ND concentration (φf = 0.04) results in a remarkable 250 % enhancement in the nanocomposite modulus. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.