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A Comprehensive Health Effects Assessment of the Use of Sanitizers and Disinfectants During Covid-19 Pandemic: A Global Survey Publisher Pubmed



Hashemi F1 ; Hoepner L2 ; Hamidinejad FS3, 4 ; Haluza D5 ; Afrashteh S6 ; Abbasi A1 ; Omeragic E7 ; Imamovic B7 ; Rasheed NA8 ; Taher TMJ9 ; Kurniasari F10 ; Wazqar DY11 ; Apali OC12 ; Yildirim AD13 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Hashemi F1
  2. Hoepner L2
  3. Hamidinejad FS3, 4
  4. Haluza D5
  5. Afrashteh S6
  6. Abbasi A1
  7. Omeragic E7
  8. Imamovic B7
  9. Rasheed NA8
  10. Taher TMJ9
  11. Kurniasari F10
  12. Wazqar DY11
  13. Apali OC12
  14. Yildirim AD13
  15. Zhao B14
  16. Kalikyan Z15
  17. Guo C16
  18. Valbuena AC17
  19. Mititelu M18
  20. Pando CM19
  21. Saridi M20
  22. Toska A20
  23. Cuba ML21
  24. Kwadzokpui PK22
  25. Tadele N23
  26. Nasibova T24
  27. Harsch S25
  28. Munkherdene L26
  29. Menawi W27
  30. Evangelou E28
  31. Dimova A29
  32. Marinov D30
  33. Dimitrova T30
  34. Shalimova A31
  35. Fouly H32
  36. Suraya A33, 34
  37. Da Silva Faquim JP35
  38. Oumayma B36
  39. Annunziato MA37
  40. Lalo R38
  41. Papastavrou E39
  42. Ade AD40
  43. Caminada S41
  44. Stojkov S42
  45. Narvaez CG43
  46. Mudau LS44
  47. Rassas I45
  48. Michel D46
  49. Kaynar NS47
  50. Iqbal S48
  51. Elshwekh H49
  52. Hossain I50
  53. Alfayyadh S51
  54. Sydorchuk A52
  55. Alnusairat DMH53
  56. Abdullahi AM54
  57. Iqbal N55
  58. Pandey A56
  59. Gomezgomez B57
  60. Akyildiz AG58
  61. Morosan E18
  62. Dwarica D59
  63. Dorj G60
  64. Hasan SY61
  65. Alshdayfat NM62
  66. Knezevic B63
  67. Valladares W64
  68. Severi C65
  69. Fuentes SC66
  70. Augusto S67
  71. Sidorova E68
  72. Moelyaningrum AD69
  73. Alawad T70
  74. Khalid A71
  75. Elehamer NMK72
  76. Mihaylova A73
  77. Tsigengagel O74
  78. Menouni A75
  79. Wojtecka A76
  80. Hod R77
  81. Idayat YB78
  82. Othman K79
  83. Harfouch RM80
  84. Paunov T30
  85. Omar M81
  86. Benderli NC82, 83
  87. Nurika G69
  88. Amjad S84
  89. Elnoamany S85
  90. Elesrigy F85
  91. Shaban MM86
  92. Acevedolopez D87
  93. Kartashova M88
  94. Khalaf A89, 90
  95. Jaafar SA91
  96. Kadhim TA91
  97. Hweissa NA92
  98. Teng Y93
  99. Mohammed FE94
  100. Sasikumar T95
  101. Hikaambo CN96
  102. Kharat A97
  103. Lyamtseva U98
  104. Aldeeb MA99, 100
  105. Pawlas N101
  106. Khorolsuren L102
  107. Koonjul RP103
  108. Mainassara HB104
  109. Chahal P105
  110. Wangeci RW106
  111. Kumar AB107
  112. Zamoracorrales I108
  113. Gracy S109
  114. Mahamat M110
  115. Adamczyk J111
  116. Rahman HA112
  117. Matiashova L113
  118. Elsherif OE114
  119. Alkhateeb NE115
  120. Aleaga Y116
  121. Bahrami S117
  122. Alsalihy SR118
  123. Cabreragaleana P119
  124. Lalicpopovic M120
  125. Brownmyrie E121
  126. Bhandari D122
  127. Mayaboti CA123
  128. Stanisic S124
  129. Pestic SK125
  130. Bektay MY126
  131. Al Sabbah H127
  132. Hashemi S128
  133. Assia B129
  134. Merritt AS130
  135. Ramzi Z131
  136. Baboolal H59
  137. Isstaif J132
  138. Shami R133
  139. Saad R134
  140. Nyirongo T135
  141. Hoseini M136, 137

Source: Environmental Science and Pollution Research Published:2023


Abstract

COVID-19 has affected all aspects of human life so far. From the outset of the pandemic, preventing the spread of COVID-19 through the observance of health protocols, especially the use of sanitizers and disinfectants was given more attention. Despite the effectiveness of disinfection chemicals in controlling and preventing COVID-19, there are critical concerns about their adverse effects on human health. This study aims to assess the health effects of sanitizers and disinfectants on a global scale. A total of 91,056 participants from 154 countries participated in this cross-sectional study. Information on the use of sanitizers and disinfectants and health was collected using an electronic questionnaire, which was translated into 26 languages via web-based platforms. The findings of this study suggest that detergents, alcohol-based substances, and chlorinated compounds emerged as the most prevalent chemical agents compared to other sanitizers and disinfectants examined. Most frequently reported health issues include skin effects and respiratory effects. The Chi-square test showed a significant association between chlorinated compounds (sodium hypochlorite and per-chlorine) with all possible health effects under investigation (p-value <0.001). Examination of risk factors based on multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that alcohols and alcohols-based materials were associated with skin effects (OR, 1.98; 95%CI, 1.87–2.09), per-chlorine was associated with eye effects (OR, 1.83; 95%CI, 1.74–1.93), and highly likely with itching and throat irritation (OR, 2.00; 95%CI, 1.90–2.11). Furthermore, formaldehyde was associated with a higher prevalence of neurological effects (OR, 2.17; 95%CI, 1.92–2.44). Furthermore, formaldehyde was associated with a higher prevalence of neurological effects (OR, 2.17; 95%CI, 1.92–2.44). The use of sodium hypochlorite and per-chlorine also had a high chance of having respiratory effects. The findings of the current study suggest that health authorities need to implement more awareness programs about the side effects of using sanitizers and disinfectants during viral epidemics especially when they are used or overused. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
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