The Effects of Smoking on Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components Using Causal Methods in the Iranian Population Publisher



Khodamoradi F¹ ; Nazemipour M² ; Mansournia N³ ; Yazdani K¹ ; Khalili D^{4, 5} ; Mansournia MA¹
Source: International Journal of Preventive Medicine Published:2021

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of smoking on metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components applying inverse probability-of-treatment weighting (IPTW) and propensity score (PS) matching. Methods: Using data from Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, 4857 participants aged over 20 years with information on smoking and confounders in the third phase (2005-2008) were included, and the MS was assessed in the fifth phase (2011-2014). IPTW and PS matching were used to adjust for confounders. Results: Based on average treatment effect (ATE) estimates, smoking decreased the risk of hypertension (RR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.88), but increased the risk of low HDL cholesterol (1.20; 0.98, 1.48). Similarly, the average treatment effect in the treated (ATT) estimates using IPTW and PS matching suggested that smoking decreased the risk of hypertension (0.63; 0.52, 0.76, and 0.68; 0.54, 0.85), and increased the risk of low HDL cholesterol (1.24; 1.07, 1.43, and 1.28; 1.06, 1.54), respectively. Conclusions: Smoking seems to increase the risk of low HDL cholesterol but decreases the risk of hypertension. © 2021 International Journal of Preventive Medicine.