Toxicity Evaluation and Management for Nanoparticles in the Cancer Therapy Publisher



Esmaeili Z ; Karbalaei Mahdi A ; Adabi M
Source: Two Sides of Nanovaccines and Nanomedicines in Cancer Treatments Published:2026

Abstract

The unique physical and chemical characteristics of nanoparticles influence their interactions with biological systems, sometimes causing adverse effects such as oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA damage, immune system activation, and organ toxicity. This toxicity is affected by factors like particle size, shape, surface chemistry, dosage, and administration route, all of which impact their distribution, uptake, and clearance in the body. Due to the complex and often unpredictable nature of these interactions, nanotoxicity poses significant risks that can limit the safe clinical use of nanomedicine. As a result, comprehensive studies on nanoparticle toxicity are essential to ensure patient safety while harnessing the therapeutic potential of nanotechnology. This chapter will focus on understanding the toxicity of nanoparticles in cancer treatment, examining factors contributing to their adverse effects, and the underlying mechanisms. By addressing these challenges, the chapter aims to highlight the importance of careful toxicity evaluation and management for the successful and safe application of nanoparticles in cancer therapy. © 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.