Effects of Anethum Graveolens (Dill) and Its Derivatives on Controlling Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Publisher



Jalili C¹ ; Moradi S² ; Mirzababaei A³ ; Mohammadi H⁴ ; Heydarzadeh F³ ; Miraghajani M^{5, 6} ; Lazaridi AV⁶
Source: Journal of Herbal Medicine Published:2021

Abstract

Objective: Previous studies have demonstrated that the supplementation of Anethum graveolens (dill) could affect the metabolic indices. Thus, the present study summarizes all of the published clinical studies which evaluate the efficacy of dill administration on cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: The clinical trials were found using Scopus, Embase, PubMed and ISI Web of Science databases; these were searched to infinity until August 2020. Mean differences (MD) were pooled using a random-effects model. Publication bias, sensitivity analysis, and heterogeneity were assessed using standard methods. Results: Results demonstrated that the administration of dill and its derivatives, led to a significant change in the fasting insulin (WMD: −2.34 mg/dl; 95% CI: −3.70, −0.99; P = 0.001), HOMA-IR (WMD: −1.07; 95% CI: −1.96, −0.17; P = 0.019), and LDL serum levels (WMD: −9.36 mg/dl; 95% CI: −14.45, −4.27; P < 0.001), unlike fasting blood sugar (P = 0.501), weight (P = 0.650), body mass index (P = 0.846), HDL (P = 0.813), TG (P = 0.385) or TC concentration (P = 0.075). Subgroup analysis indicated that dill administration significantly reduce LDL levels in eight and more than eight weeks of intervention, in dill extract intervention versus powder form, and in cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus versus hyperlipidemia or metabolic syndrome patients. Another subgroup analysis revealed that dill supplementation significantly decreased TG concentrations in ≥ 8 weeks of treatment in overweight rather than obese individuals. In the same results, a subgroup analysis showed that dill administration significantly decreased TC levels in ≥ 8 weeks of treatment in overweight individuals but not in other populations. Conclusion: Dill administration significantly reduces fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and LDL levels. © 2021