Tumor Immunotherapies by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (Icis); the Pros and Cons

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Tumor Immunotherapies by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (Icis); the Pros and Cons Publisher Pubmed

Naimi A¹ ; Mohammed RN^{2, 3} ; Raji A⁴ ; Chupradit S⁵ ; Yumashev AV⁶ ; Suksatan W⁷ ; Shalaby MN⁸ ; Thangavelu L⁹ ; Kamrava S¹⁰ ; Shomali N¹¹ ; Sohrabi AD^{11, 12} ; Adili A¹³ ; Norooziaghideh A¹⁴ ; Razeghian E¹⁵

Source: Cell Communication and Signaling Published:2022

Abstract

The main breakthrough in tumor immunotherapy was the discovery of immune checkpoint (IC) proteins, which act as a potent suppressor of the immune system by a myriad of mechanisms. After that, scientists focused on the immune checkpoint molecules mainly. Thereby, much effort was spent to progress novel strategies for suppressing these inhibitory axes, resulting in the evolution of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Then, ICIs have become a promising approach and shaped a paradigm shift in tumor immunotherapies. CTLA-4 plays an influential role in attenuation of the induction of naive and memory T cells by engagement with its responding ligands like B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86). Besides, PD-1 is predominantly implicated in adjusting T cell function in peripheral tissues through its interaction with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and PD-L2. Given their suppressive effects on anti-tumor immunity, it has firmly been documented that ICIs based therapies can be practical and rational therapeutic approaches to treat cancer patients. Nonetheless, tumor inherent or acquired resistance to ICI and some treatment-related toxicities restrict their application in the clinic. The current review will deliver a comprehensive overview of the ICI application to treat human tumors alone or in combination with other modalities to support more desired outcomes and lower toxicities in cancer patients. [MediaObject not available: see fulltext.] © 2022, The Author(s).

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Style	Citing Format
MLA	Naimi A, et al.. "Tumor Immunotherapies by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (Icis); the Pros and Cons." Cell Communication and Signaling, vol. 20, no. 1, 2022, pp. -.
APA	Naimi A, Mohammed RN, Raji A, Chupradit S, Yumashev AV, Suksatan W, Shalaby MN, Thangavelu L, Kamrava S, Shomali N, Sohrabi AD, Adili A, Norooziaghideh A, Razeghian E (2022). Tumor Immunotherapies by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (Icis); the Pros and Cons. Cell Communication and Signaling, 20(1), -.
Chicago	Naimi A, Mohammed RN, Raji A, Chupradit S, Yumashev AV, Suksatan W, Shalaby MN, et al.. "Tumor Immunotherapies by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (Icis); the Pros and Cons." Cell Communication and Signaling 20, no. 1 (2022): -.
Harvard	Naimi A et al. (2022) 'Tumor Immunotherapies by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (Icis); the Pros and Cons', Cell Communication and Signaling, 20(1), pp. -.
Vancouver	Naimi A, Mohammed RN, Raji A, Chupradit S, Yumashev AV, Suksatan W, et al.. Tumor Immunotherapies by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (Icis); the Pros and Cons. Cell Communication and Signaling. 2022;20(1):-.
BibTex	@article{ author = {Naimi A and Mohammed RN and Raji A and Chupradit S and Yumashev AV and Suksatan W and Shalaby MN and Thangavelu L and Kamrava S and Shomali N and Sohrabi AD and Adili A and Norooziaghideh A and Razeghian E}, title = {Tumor Immunotherapies by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (Icis); the Pros and Cons}, journal = {Cell Communication and Signaling}, volume = {20}, number = {1}, pages = {-}, year = {2022} }
RIS	TY - JOUR AU - Naimi A AU - Mohammed RN AU - Raji A AU - Chupradit S AU - Yumashev AV AU - Suksatan W AU - Shalaby MN AU - Thangavelu L AU - Kamrava S AU - Shomali N AU - Sohrabi AD AU - Adili A AU - Norooziaghideh A AU - Razeghian E TI - Tumor Immunotherapies by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (Icis); the Pros and Cons JO - Cell Communication and Signaling VL - 20 IS - 1 SP - EP - PY - 2022 ER -

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