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Health Concerns of Various Nanoparticles: A Review of Their in Vitro and in Vivo Toxicity Publisher



Ajdary M1 ; Moosavi MA2 ; Rahmati M3 ; Falahati M4 ; Mahboubi M5 ; Mandegary A6, 7 ; Jangjoo S8 ; Mohammadinejad R6 ; Varma RS9
Authors

Source: Nanomaterials Published:2018


Abstract

Nanoparticles (NPs) are currently used in diagnosis and treatment of many human diseases, including autoimmune diseases and cancer. However, cytotoxic effects of NPs on normal cells and living organs is a severe limiting factor that hinders their use in clinic. In addition, diversity of NPs and their physico-chemical properties, including particle size, shape, surface area, dispersity and protein corona effects are considered as key factors that have a crucial impact on their safe or toxicological behaviors. Current studies on toxic effects of NPs are aimed to identify the targets and mechanisms of their side effects, with a focus on elucidating the patterns of NP transport, accumulation, degradation, and elimination, in both in vitro and in vitro models. NPs can enter the body through inhalation, skin and digestive routes. Consequently, there is a need for reliable information about effects of NPs on various organs in order to reveal their efficacy and impact on health. This review covers the existing knowledge base on the subject that hopefully prepares us better to address these challenges. © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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