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Phenotyping Sleep Disturbances in Adhd and Identifying Harmonised Outcome Measures: A Personalised Precision Medicine Approach to Disruptive Behaviours Publisher



Ipsiroglu OS1 ; Klosch G4, 5 ; Stein M6 ; Blunden S7 ; Brand S8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 ; Clemens S14 ; Cortese S15, 16, 17, 18, 19 ; Duck A20 ; Dye T22 ; Gringras P23 ; Kuhle HJ24 ; Lawrence K25 ; Lecendreux M27 ; Miano S28 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Ipsiroglu OS1
  2. Klosch G4, 5
  3. Stein M6
  4. Blunden S7
  5. Brand S8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13
  6. Clemens S14
  7. Cortese S15, 16, 17, 18, 19
  8. Duck A20
  9. Dye T22
  10. Gringras P23
  11. Kuhle HJ24
  12. Lawrence K25
  13. Lecendreux M27
  14. Miano S28
  15. Mollin J29
  16. Nobili L30
  17. Owens J31
  18. Kaur Pandher P1
  19. Sadeghibahmani D32
  20. Schlarb AA34
  21. Schneider B35
  22. Silvestri R36
  23. Smith S37
  24. Spruyt K38
  25. Weiss MD39

Source: Somnologie Published:2024


Abstract

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a widespread neurodevelopmental disorder. Currently, the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in children and adolescents is primarily centred on daytime functioning and the associated impairment of academic performance, although disrupted and restless sleep have been frequently reported in individuals with ADHD. Further, it has been recognised that sleep disorders not only intensify existing ADHD symptoms but in some cases can also mimic ADHD symptoms in the paediatric population with primary sleep disorders. Under the title ‘The blind spot: sleep as a child’s right issue?’, professionals from diverse disciplines, including medicine and social sciences as well as individuals with an interest in ADHD and sleep medicine, including laypeople, have initiated a unifying discourse. The objective of this discourse is to improve our understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD and disruptive behaviours and to develop personalised and precision medicine. Research has shown that the existing, primarily descriptive and categorical diagnostic systems do not capture the heterogeneous nature of youth with attentional and behavioural difficulties and the phenotypic expressions thereof, including nighttime behaviours and sleep. New strategies for clinical phenotyping and the exploration of patient-reported behaviours are necessary to expand our understanding and develop personalised treatment approaches. In this position paper, we outline gaps in the clinical care of ADHD and related sleep disturbances, review strategies for closing these gaps to meet the needs of individuals with ADHD, and suggest a roadmap for escaping the one-size-fits-all approach that has characterised ADHD treatment algorithms to date. © The Author(s) 2024.
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