Investigating Possible Etiologies of Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Failure and Deaths From Rabies Infection: Case Reports

Investigating Possible Etiologies of Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Failure and Deaths From Rabies Infection: Case Reports Publisher

Rasooli A¹ ; Pourhossein B^{2, 3} ; Bashar R³ ; Shirzadi MR⁴ ; Amiri B⁴ ; Kheiri EV³ ; Mostafazadeh B^{5, 6} ; Fazeli M³

Source: International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Published:2020

Abstract

Rabies virus, as a neurotropic agent, is transmitted to humans usually after animal biting. Rabies is endemic in most Middle Eastern countries. Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) program is recommended for high-risk populations in endemic areas. The present study reported 7 deaths from rabies infection despite human Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) and the evolution of their possible etiologies from 2014 to 2018 in Iran. In this study, 29 rabid human deaths were evaluated despite PEP in 2014-2018. Seven people deceased despite receiving PEP. The most damaged organs were hands and face (71.43%). Injecting anti-Rabies Immunoglobulin (RIG) around the wound, improper cleansing, and delayed PEP were the main causes of PEP failure. In addition, immunodeficiency in a patient was another cause of failure. Our obtained data suggested that immediate precise measures after exposure based on the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation, maintaining the temperature integrity (cold chain) of vaccines, and RIGs during transportation, and performing detailed injection schedule could prevent PEP failure in most cases. Furthermore, society's awareness plays a key role in controlling the disease, especially in endemic areas. © 2020 Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.

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Jamshid Hadjati (1)

Style	Citing Format
MLA	Rasooli A, et al.. "Investigating Possible Etiologies of Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Failure and Deaths From Rabies Infection: Case Reports." International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, vol. 10, no. 3, 2020, pp. -.
APA	Rasooli A, Pourhossein B, Bashar R, Shirzadi MR, Amiri B, Kheiri EV, Mostafazadeh B, Fazeli M (2020). Investigating Possible Etiologies of Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Failure and Deaths From Rabies Infection: Case Reports. International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, 10(3), -.
Chicago	Rasooli A, Pourhossein B, Bashar R, Shirzadi MR, Amiri B, Kheiri EV, Mostafazadeh B, Fazeli M. "Investigating Possible Etiologies of Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Failure and Deaths From Rabies Infection: Case Reports." International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine 10, no. 3 (2020): -.
Harvard	Rasooli A et al. (2020) 'Investigating Possible Etiologies of Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Failure and Deaths From Rabies Infection: Case Reports', International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, 10(3), pp. -.
Vancouver	Rasooli A, Pourhossein B, Bashar R, Shirzadi MR, Amiri B, Kheiri EV, et al.. Investigating Possible Etiologies of Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Failure and Deaths From Rabies Infection: Case Reports. International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine. 2020;10(3):-.
BibTex	@article{ author = {Rasooli A and Pourhossein B and Bashar R and Shirzadi MR and Amiri B and Kheiri EV and Mostafazadeh B and Fazeli M}, title = {Investigating Possible Etiologies of Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Failure and Deaths From Rabies Infection: Case Reports}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine}, volume = {10}, number = {3}, pages = {-}, year = {2020} }
RIS	TY - JOUR AU - Rasooli A AU - Pourhossein B AU - Bashar R AU - Shirzadi MR AU - Amiri B AU - Kheiri EV AU - Mostafazadeh B AU - Fazeli M TI - Investigating Possible Etiologies of Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Failure and Deaths From Rabies Infection: Case Reports JO - International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine VL - 10 IS - 3 SP - EP - PY - 2020 ER -

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