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Harnessing Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Principles and Emerging Promises Publisher Pubmed



Miri H1 ; Rahimzadeh P2 ; Hashemi M3, 11, 12 ; Nabavi N5 ; Aref AR6 ; Daneshi S7 ; Razzaghi A8 ; Abedi M9 ; Tahmasebi S10 ; Farahani N3, 11, 12 ; Taheriazam A3, 11, 12
Authors

Source: Pathology, research and practice Published:2025


Abstract

HCC is considered as one of the leadin causes of death worldwide, with the ability of resistance towards therapeutics. Immunotherapy, particularly ICIs, have provided siginficant insights towards harnessing the immune system. The present review introduces the concepts and possibilities of immunotherapy for HCC treatment, emphasizing its underlying mechanisms and capacity to enhance patient results, focusing on both pre-clinical and clinical insights. The functions of TME and immune evasion mechanisms typical of HCC would be evaluated along with how contemporary immunotherapeutic approaches are designed to address these challenges. Furthermore, the clinical application of immunotherapy in HCC is discussed, emphasizing recent trial findings demonstrating the effectiveness and safety of drugs. In addition, the problems caused by immune evasion and resistance would be discussed to increase potential of immunotherapy along with combination therapy. Copyright © 2025 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.