Prenatal Risk Factors and Genetic Causes of Adhd in Children Publisher Pubmed



Kian N^{1, 2, 3} ; Samieefar N^{1, 2, 3} ; Rezaei N^{2, 4}
Source: World Journal of Pediatrics Published:2022

Abstract

Background: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common disease among children; it affected 5–7% of the population in 2015. ADHD is a multifactorial disease, and its etiology is still not clearly understood. Data Sources: This narrative review has been done by searching the PubMed and Embase databases using attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ADHD, risk factors; genetics; pediatrics; psychiatrics as keywords. Results: ADHD is considered to be a hereditary disorder in which genes play the fundamental role in the pathogenesis; however, findings from genetic–environmental studies support the hypothesis that genetic factors can exert effects on an individual’s condition by determining his/her responses to environmental exposures, especially those during the prenatal stage. Conclusion: ADHD is considered as a hereditary disorder in which genes and prenatal risk factors play fundamental roles in the pathogenesis. © 2022, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine.